Transcript ch2review
Minerals: Building blocks of rocks • 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition Minerals: Building blocks of rocks • 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition Atoms, the building block of Elements 2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b. Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c. Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons d. Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons 2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b. Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c. Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons a. Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons 3. When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a. Isotopes b. Ions c. Compounds d. Minerals 3. When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a. Isotopes b. Ions c. Compounds d. Minerals Core Heat - heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and - heat from the decay of radioactive elements. 4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a. Same # of protons, different # of electrons b. Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c. Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons 4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a. Same # of protons, different # of electrons b. Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c. Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons 5.What are the building blocks of minerals? a. b. c. d. Atoms Isotopes Rocks Elements Periodic Table of the Elements 5. What are the building blocks of minerals? a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Rocks d. Elements Composition of minerals • Chemical bonding • Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements Types of Bonding • 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? – A. – B. – C. – D. Nucleus Electrons Protons Neutrons Types of Bonding • 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? – A. – B. – C. – D. Nucleus Electrons Protons Neutrons Types of Bonding 7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen 7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen 8. Physical properties of minerals • What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a.Luster b.Cleavage c.Fracture d.Crystalline structure Physical properties of minerals • 8. What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a. Luster b. Cleavage c. Fracture d. Crystalline structure Physical Properties of Minerals • 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? • A. Fracture • B. cleavage • C. Hardness • D. streak Physical Properties of Minerals • 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? • A. Fracture • B. cleavage • C. Hardness • D. streak • 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? • A. Calcite • B. Apatite • C. fluorite • D. gypsum 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? A. Calcite B. Apatite C. fluorite D. gypsum 11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a. 8 – 9 b. 9 – 10 c. 7 – 10 d. 7 - 9 11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a. 8 – 9 b. 9 – 10 c. 7 – 10 d. 7 - 9 12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? a. b. c. d. Color Luster Cleavage Streak 12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? • • • • a. b. c. d. Color Luster Cleavage Streak Mineral groups • Nearly 4000 minerals have been named • Rock-forming minerals • Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust • Only a few dozen members • Composed mainly of the 8 elements that make up over 98% of the continental crust Mineral Groups • 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? – A. – B. – C. – D. Oxygen and Nitrogen Oxygen and Silicon Oxygen and Sulfur Oxygen and Aluminum Elemental abundances in continental crust 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? A. Oxygen and Nitrogen B. Oxygen and Silicon C. Oxygen and Sulfur D. Oxygen and Aluminum Mineral groups • 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the – a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron – B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron – C. Silicon-oxygen triangle – D. Silicon-aluminum triangle Mineral Groups 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron C. Silicon-oxygen triangle D. Silicon-aluminum triangle Non-silicates • Important nonsilicate minerals • Typically divided into classes based on anions • Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust • Often occur in sedimentary rocks Mineral Groups • 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Oxides – B. Carbonates – C. Halides – D. Silicates Mineral Groups • 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Oxides – B. Carbonates – C. Halides – D. Silicates Mineral Groups • 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group? – A. – B. – C. – D. Oxides Carbonates Sulfates/Sulfides Halides Mineral Groups • 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group? – A. – B. – C. – D. Oxides – a metal and Oxygen Carbonates Sulfates/Sulfides Halides Mineral Groups • 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? – A. – B. – C. – D. Carbonates Halides Native elements Oxides Mineral Groups • 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Carbonates – B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group 17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine) – C. Native elements – D. Oxides Mineral Groups • 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates Mineral Groups • 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates Mineral Groups • 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a. b. c. d. Sulfates/sulfides Silicates Oxides Native elements Mineral Groups • 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a. b. c. d. Sulfates/sulfides Silicates Oxides Native elements Mineral Groups • 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? – A. – B. – C. – D. Oxides Native elements Halides Silicates Mineral Groups 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? A. Oxides B. Native elements – single elements C. Halides D. Silicates