Transcript Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock
12/2/14
4-3 pgs. 87-90
IN:
What are the two
compositional classifications
for igneous rocks? How can
you determine their texture?
Which rocks fit in each
category?
sedimentary
compaction,
rock
cementation
metamorphic
rock
sediment
igneous
rock
magma
HOW DOES SEDIMENTARY
ROCK FORM?
1.
Weathering and erosion of rock
into sediment (sand).
2.
Compaction and cementation
back into rock.
WEATHERING AND EROSION
Wind,
water, ice, sunlight, and
gravity all cause rock to weather
into fragments (weathering).
These small fragments are
called sediment.
SEDIMENTS
Sediments
are transported from
one place to another (erosion)
 Water
 Wind
 Gravity
COMPACTION
The
layers eventually become
compacted.
CEMENTATION
Dissolved
minerals separate out
of the water to form a natural
glue that binds the sediments
together.
STRATA
The
layers of sedimentary rock
that form from the deposition of
sediment.
These strata form oldest on
bottom, youngest on top.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Form
at or near the Earth’s
surface.
Their physical features tell part
of Earth’s history.
They are the only
rocks that contain
fossils.
COMPOSITION
1.
2.
3.
Clastic
Chemical
Organic
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Forms
when rock or minerals
fragments, called clasts, stick
together.
 Sandstone
 Conglomerate
 Shale
Names
of clastic sedimentary
rock are based on grain size.
CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
Forms
when minerals crystallize
out of a solution, such as sea
water, to become rock.
 limestone
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
Forms
from the remains of
organisms.

fossiliferous limestone
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
STRUCTURES
Stratification
is the layering of
rock.
Strata
differ from one another
depending on the kind, size, and
color of their sediment.
STRATA
Sometimes
records the motion of
wind and water waves.
CONGLOMERATE
 Sedimentary
rock that resembles
concrete.
Clastic
 Coarse-grained

SANDSTONE
 Sedimentary
rock formed from sand.
Clastic
 Coarse-grained

SHALE
 Sedimentary
mudstone.
Clastic
 Fine-grained

rock also known as
FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE
 Sedimentary
and coral.

Organic
rock made from shells
OUT:
What are
some features of
sedimentary
rocks?