Transcript Chapter 5 – Lesson 1

Chapter 5 – Lesson 1
Gypsum
• 0
Shale
Gneiss
• Mineral -A solid,
natural material
made from nonliving
substances in the
ground
Pyromorphite
• Element – a pure
substance than
cannot be broken
down into a simpler
substance
3 Features of Minerals
1. never alive
2. form in nature
3. solid material with a repeating
pattern
Properties of Minerals
•1.
•2.
•3.
•4.
•5.
Color - Streak
Luster
Hardness
Cleavage
Fracture
Color - Streak
• The color of the
powdered form of the
mineral
• The color of the
streak can be
different than the
mineral
Streak…can help identify quartz
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html
Luster
• Surface reflection
•
• metallic = shiny like
metal
Pyrite has a metallic luster
• non-metallic = dull,
non-shiny surface
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Hardness
• Measure of how well a mineral resists
scratching
• Mohs Hardness Scale
• Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)
• Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch
different objects (like human fingernail, copper,
penny, glass, steel file)
• Cleavage – the
number of planes
along which a mineral
breaks down
• Fracture – property
of a mineral that
shows when it has
uneven or rough
surfaces
• Crystal – a solid
whose shape forms a
fixed pattern
• Gem – a mineral that
is rare
• ROCK – a solid
object made naturally
in Earth’s crust and
contains one or more
minerals
Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic
Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
rock that forms from sediment
•
•
•
•
Wind and water break down the earth
Bits of sediment settle in lakes and rivers
Layers are formed and build up
Pressure and time turn the layers to rock
Igneous Rocks – forms when
lava cools and hardens
• Fire Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
rocks that form when sedimentary
and igneous rocks change under
pressure and heat
• Rocks that have changed
• They were once igneous or sedimentary
• Pressure and heat changed the rocks
• Rock cycle – the
changing of rocks
over time from one
type to another
• Intrusive – igneous
rock that forms from
magma inside earth
• *** granite
• Extrusive – igneous
rock that forms from
lava on Earth’s
surface
• ***obsidian
Types of Igneous Rocks
Granite
Pumice
Scoria
Obsidian
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Limestone
Gypsum
Conglomerate
Shale
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Marble
Slate