Transcript Organelles: Structure & Function

Organelles: Structure & Function
Organelles: Structure & Function
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Function: Controls what enters & exits the
cell.
Structure: Phospholipid bilayer
Nucleus
Function: Controls everything in the cell
Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes
Enclosed by a porous double membrane called
the nuclear membrane.
Nucleolus
Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes
Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus
Ribosomes
Function: Links together amino acids to make
proteins (that means enzymes too!)
Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins &
RNA. Found on Rough ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER
Structure: Thin folded membranes that are
connected together.
HAS ribosomes
Vesicle
Membrane-bound containers that carry
substances throughout the cell
Golgi
Apparatus/Body/Complex
Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins
Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane
enclosed discs
Lysosome
Function: Breaks down food, waste &
damaged cell parts all within the cell
Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound
Peroxisome
Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially
H2O2.
Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound
Vacuole
Function: stores materials for cell
Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal
cells; large in plant cells
Plastids
Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only!
Structure: 3 different types
Plastids
1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems
2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment
3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of
photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Function: Uses sunlight to create food,
photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)
Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains
chlorophyll (green pigment)
Mitochondria
Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of
cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell
Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own
DNA & ribosomes
Chloroplast & Mitochondria
Both have: more than 1 membrane
‘Powerhouse’ of their cells
Contain their own DNA
Reproduce independently of the cell
Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Function: Hold organelles in place & site for
chemical reactions
Structure: Jelly – like substance between the
area of the nucleus & cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Function: Supports & shapes the cell
Structure: A network of protein filaments
(microtubules, microfilaments)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as
drugs/alcohol
Structure: Thin folded membranes
that are connected together.
No ribosomes
Centrosome/Centrioles
Function: Helps the cell divide
Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up
of microtubules; pair of centrioles
Flagellum (flagella = plural)
Tail used for movement
Cilium (cilia = plural)
Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used
For movement and gathering food