Transcript Rivers and the streams in the region

THE RIVERS AND STREAMS
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RIVERS
Tekirdağ, which is placed in Ergene Riverbasin, has not much river net due
to the plant cover, rainfall, and the insufficiency of the geologic structure.The
rate of flow and regime of the rivers are irregular and they are balanced with
the rainfall quantity and regime.In summer, the river’s water get lesser and
the river gets dry, in winter it gets more even it overflows due to the rainfall
and the melting of snow.The streams in the city just carry rain and snow
water. Besides there is no source feeding these streams. The rivers in the
city reach Saros Bay, The Sea of Marmara and the Blacksea. Ergene River
and its branches ,flowing in the direction of east-west in the Ergene
Riverbasin, is the most important river of the city. Ergene River ,born in
Güneşkaya near Saray, flows towards the southwest, and gathers with
Çorlu stream, near Muratlı, and Vize Stream. Hayrabolu, Çene( Beşiktepe)
Streams reach to Ergene from the south. Ergene River , after leaving
Tekirdağ, gathers with Meriç River, near İpsala, and reaches Saroz Bay.
Ergene River and its branches (Çorlu- Hayrabolu) have always water but it
isn’t much and the riverbasin is norrow. The stream’s flow , along the
Marmara shore, is not steady. They get dry in summer. The short and weak
streams reach to the Sea of Marmara. The main streams of Tekirdağ are
Seymen , Kumluca, Şerefli , Değirmendere, Gazioğlu, Doğancı, Işıklar ,
Olukbaşı and Gölcük Stream. Bahçeköy Stream reaches to Blacksea.
ERGENE RIVER
• Ergene River , begins from Karatepe, in
the east of Istranca Mountains. It flows in
the direction of northeast- southwest, and
waters the lands of Saray and Çorlu.
Ergene River begins from the north of
Muratlı, flows in the direction of southnorth with Çorlu Stream and enters
Kırklareli. Later, it gathers with Meriç River
near Saricaali Village,in Edirne.
ÇORLU STREAM
• It begins from Istranca Mountains ,in the
east of Çerkezköy.It flows in the direction
of northeast-southwest, gathering a lot of
streams such as Paşa Stream. Çorlu
Stream gathers Marmaracık and Kütüklü
Streams after flowing 5 km north from the
city center.Again, it runs into Ergene River
in the north of Muratlı. The water of the
stream gets lesser in summer and it
increases in winter due to the rainfall.
HAYRABOLU STREAM
• Hayrabolu Stream is one of the most
important branches of Ergene River.This
Stream, flowing in the direction of northsouth , enters Hayrabolu and runs into
Ergene River in the north.
IŞIKLAR STREAM
• One of its branches begins from Işıklar
Village, and flows in the direction of south
and north and the other begins from
Nusratlı Village and flows in the direction
of north-south.These two branches gather
near Naipköy. Işıklar Stream reaches the
Sea of Marmara from the north of Kumbağ
, after a few kilometres.
OLUKBAŞI STREAM
• It begins from Araplı Hills and flows in the
direction of southwest. Here, it gathers
with a small branch. It reaches to the
shore creating deep splits. Its speed falls
at the sea side and due to the declivity an
elbow is formed. After it passes through
Şarköy, it reaches to the Sea of Marmara.
GÖLCÜK STREAM
• This stream, beginning from Işıklar
Mountain, passes through Gölcük Village
and turns to the west. After it leaves
Tekirdağ, it is named as Kavak Stream
and reaches to Saroz Bay.
THE FORMS OF THE SHORE
• Tekirdağ , has a shore in the south that is 133
km along the Sea of Marmara.Besides, it has a
2,5 km shore along the Blacksea. Marmara
shores are generally high in spite of the norrow
and small shore plains.Marmara Ereğlisi is the
only natural harbour of the shores of Tekirdağ
and it is a peninsula. In the east, Marmara
Ereğlisi Harbour is in the shape of half circle
with a 1600 m scale. Its mouth is open to
northeastwind but is closed to the other winds. It
is an harbour in which the ships take shelter
from violent southwestwinds and west winds.
• The shore between Marmara Ereğlisi and
Kumbağ is generally shallow and there are
beaches.The beaches in this shore is generally
formed by the mass of sand that includes the
eroded sandstones.
• Barbaros Shores is a good example to the
steepy rocks that are eroded by the sea and the
rivers.These seaside cliffs are 200 – 300 m in
the south of Barbaros Stream’s mouth. Its
altitude is 10-12 km. The layers are clear in the
seadise cliffs that are formed by sedimentary
layers. There are chimney rocks in the strong
parts of these layers. The fossils of sea animals
show us that here was once a sea terrace.
• Tha part between Kumbağ and Gaziköy has a high
shore due to the fact that Ganos Mountains is laid steep
to the sea. Seaside is formed by pebblestones. The
shore again gets more shallow between Gaziköy and
Şarköy and leaves its place to the beaches that are
covered with sand.
• The shore , beginning from Kastro( Çamlıkoy) Bay in the
Blacksea and reaching to Çilingoz Bay, is high and has
steepy rocks. There are not only wide inlets like Kastro,in
the shape of pocket, but also small inlets like a notch.
This shallow shore , (Kunduzluk-Kastro) Çamlıkoy ,
rarely seen in the shores of Istrancas that go down to
the sea in a steepy way is filled with the alluvions that
Bahçeköy stream brings and the sandtunes that waves
bring.
SEA OF MARMARA
• It is called Marmara due to the marbles taken out in its
islands in the XIII. century. There are three huge holes
on the break line that connects İzmit to Gaziköy in the
Sea of Marmara.One of them in the İzmit Bay ( 1207 m ),
and the other two are in the Marmara Ereğlisi ( 1355 )
and in the south of Kumbağ ( 1070 m ).
• The depth of Tekirdağ Bay is not more than 100 m. It is a
shallow sea called Self. It is rich in sea plants and
animals. The Bay gets deeper more than 1000 m in the
south of the line that is from Kumbağ to the west. The
fishers call here canal or com. The herds of fish and
stream pass through here.
• There are rocks in two places in the
seaside of Tekirdağ. One of them is in the
west of Marmara Ereğlisi and is very near
to the surface of the sea. These rocks are
tough stones that are saved from
corroding. They are dangerous for the
vehicles. There is a lighthouse on them
due to make their place clear. These rocks
are laid near and parallel the seaside until
Yeniçiftlik Village.
• The second rocky is between Tekirdağ and
Barbaros. It is 5-10 m far from and parallel to
the seaside.Its depth is 0-1 m and its width is
nearly 5 m. There is a sandy sea line between
the rocks and seaside in the depth of 0,3 – 0,7
m. The foundation of the rocks is tough and
sedimentary stone is stiff. It has been corroded
till the bottom of the sea lewel. It has become
higher and thicker with the holding of sea
animals.That is, the secretion of the living
animals and the shells of the dead have come
together and have formed a second stone layer
until the sea lewel.
• The heat of the Sea of Marmara is between 2325oC in summer, and 7-9oC in winter. The heat
is steady after 250-350 m depth ; 14.2oC.
• Due to the upper stream that comes from the
Blacksea, the salinity in the surface of the sea is
lesser than in deeper parts. The thickness of the
surface sea is 15 km and its salinity is ‰ 22. the
salinity rises in deeper parts and in 150 km it
becomes ‰ 38,5. These salty parts of the sea
are the parts that come from the Mediterranean
Sea by the bottom stream.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLES TAKEN FROM
ERGENE STREAM
PARAMETER
UNITS MEASURED / UNITS
Chlorure
Sulphate
Ammonium Nitrogene
Phosphorus
Biochemical Need
Codmium
Lead
Copper
358,3 mg/l
--8,76 mg/l
2,23 mg/l
45 mg/l
126 u/l
63,3 u/l
212 u/l
Chrome
Zink
125 u/l
---
Cynide
8 u/l
Fluorid
561 u/l
Free chlorine
12,7 u/l
Sulphide
76 u/l
Nickel
1080 u/l
Iron
1950 u/l
PH
8
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLES TAKEN
FROM KARAEVLİ STREAM
PARAMETER
UNITS MEAJURED / UNIT
Chlorure
Sulphate
Ammonium Nitrogene
Phosphorus
Brochemical Need
Codmium
Lead
Copper
209 mg/l
--0,21 mg/l
0,105 mg/l
20 mg/l
140 u/l
135,6 u/l
13,5 u/l
Chrome
99,3 u/l
Zink
18 u/l
Cynide
10,3 u/l
Fluorid
998 u/l
Free Chlorine
110 u/l
Sulphide
4,8 u/l
Nickel
129 u/l
İron
613,8 u/l
PH
7,4
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLES TAKEN
FROM KINIKLI STREAM
PARAMETER
UNITS MEASURED / UNITS
Chlorure
393,3 mg/l
Sulphate
---
Ammonium Nitrogene
2,25 mg/l
Phosphorus
0,055 mg/l
Brochemical Need
35 mg/l
Codmium
156,7 u/l
Lead
---
Copper
52 u/l
Chrome
104 u/l
Zink
---
Cynide
9,2 u/l
Fluorid
688,5 u/l
Free Chlorine
120 u/l
Sulphide
13,5 u/l
Nickel
350 u/l
İron
1100 u/l
PH
7,5
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLES TAKEN
FROM KUMBAĞ STREAM
PARAMETER
UNITS MEASURED / UNITS
Chlorure
32 mg/l
Sulphate
---
Ammonium Nitrogene
0,13 mg/l
Phosphorus
0,37 mg/l
Brochemical Need
70 mg/l
Codmium
---
Lead
82,1 u/l
Copper
10,9 u/l
Chrome
93 u/l
Zink
---
Cynide
12,2 u/l
Fluorid
620,6 u/l
Free Chlorine
63,3 u/l
Sulphide
4,1 u/l
Nickel
186 u/l
İron
5,6 u/l
PH
7,7