Transcript Chapter 9 Water erosion and depositionNTW

Chapter 9
1. Water cycle-
Each part of the
cycle drives
the other parts.
A.____________evaporation water changing to water vapor
A. sublimation
____________________ - evaporation from ice;
A. transpiration
from plants
evaporation
B. condensation-changing water vapor
into liquid form
C. precipitation - liquid or solid form of water
falling to Earth
runoff
2.________-rainwater
that does not
soak into the ground or evaporate
3. Factors that
influence runoff:
A. type of land
B. slope
C. amount of rain
D. time span in which rain falls
E. amount of vegetation
F. climate/temperature
4. Water Erosion
A. A. rill and gully erosion small streams
form and erode a groove (channel) into the
land; if it continues a gully will form
sheet erosion
B.____________-flat
areas are flooded and
sediments are carried away.
stream erosion -water continually erodes
C. ____________
the same path making a__________
deeper
wider
and ___________
river
1) suspended load-lightweight particles
carried by a stream
bedload
2)_____________-the heavier sediments
that are rolled along the bottom of a stream
river systems and smaller streams
5. ____________
a network of rills, gullies, which join to
form rivers
drainage basin the land watered by the river
6.____________
system; the land from which the river collectsrunoff
7. Stages of stream development:
young stream
A. ___________
moves swiftly , may
have white water rapids
and waterfalls; high
level of energy; erodes
bottom faster than the sides
B.___________________flows
less swiftly;
mature stream
erodes waterfall rocks away; more
meander
gentle gradient; begins to _____________
(curve back and forth)
old stream
C. __________flows
slowly through a
wide meanders
floodplain; has ______
Meandering
oxbow lake piece of a meander that ha
D.___________a
been cut off from the main river
floodplain fertile area covered by
E.___________
sediment caused by frequent flooding
delta
fan
8.______sediments
dropped in a _____
shape at the mouth of a river
levee
9.________an
earthen barrier built along
a river
groundwater
10. ____________water
that sinks (leaches)
into the porous parts of Earth’s crust
(about 90% of all fresh water)
porosity
11. ________the
amount of water a rock can
hold
low
permeability rocks with a _______
12. ___________
density; many spaces
13.________________rocks
with a ____
high density;
impermeability
tightly packed
14. __________
aquifer
permeable rock layers that
allow water to flow freely
water table upper surface of the
15._____________zone of saturation
Zone of saturation -area where water fills
A._________________
up a permeable layer.
Zone of aeration
B. ___________________area of crust filled with air
well - water under pressure
16.artesian
__________
raises to the surface because of the
abundance of water in an aquifer.
spring
17._____________- where the water table is close to
the Earth’s surface, water may ooze out to form a spring;
________________hot springs form when groundwater comes in contact
with hot underground rocks.
geysers
18. ____________hot springs that are forced upward through
A small opening
cave or cavern
19. ____________________an underground area that
has been eroded by ______________________
chemical weathering (carbonation)
stalactite
20._____________“V” icicle-like structures formed
By calcium carbonate left behind from dripping water
stalagmite
21. ________________
- “^ ” deposits of calcium
Carbonate that build up on the floor of a cave or
cavern.
sinkholes funnel-shaped depressions that
22. ____________are formed when rainwater dissolves underground
rock ______________
near the surface
shore zone
23. __________________area that lies
between high and low tide; affected by
waves
currents
tides
____________,
_____________,
and _________.
longshore current - ocean current that flows
24. ________________
_______________
to the shore.
parallel
rip current - narrow ocean current that
25. _____________
flows at a right angle from the shore.
sand material found on shoreline made
26. _____from ____________,
and
broken rocks _____________,
shells
other shoreline materials.
islands
27. barrier
_______________-sand
deposits accumulate
parallel
and form islands__________________
to the
mainland.