Intro to Cells - Ms. Fuller's Biology Class
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Transcript Intro to Cells - Ms. Fuller's Biology Class
INTRO TO CELLS &
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Unit 3 – The Cell
Review
What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
One of the characteristics of life is being made up
of units called cells.
Organisms may be:
Unicellular: made of 1 cell
Multicellular: made of many specialized cells
Who saw them first?
Robert Hooke in
1665, was the first
person to use the word
"cell" to identify
microscopic structures
when he was
describing cork.
Background
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek :
Father of Microbiology, created the first microscope.
Matthias Schleiden ( 1830’s)
All plants are composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann (1831)
All animals are made of cells.
Rudolf Virchow (1858)
Found that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell.
Cell Theory
1. All organism are made up of cells
2. A cell is the structural and functional unit of organs
and ultimately, organisms.
3. Cells are capable of self – reproduction and cells
come only from pre-existing cells
Cell Types
Prokaryotic
No Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic similarities
Prokaryotic
Vesicles
DNA present
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Eukaryotic
Vesicles
DNA present
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Cell wall (some)
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic differences
Prokaryotic
NO nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles (mitochondria,
lysosomes, ER, gogi body
etc.)
No chromosomes
(plasmids)
No chloroplast (chlorophyll
scattered in cell)
Unicellular
~1-10 um
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Membrane bound
organelles (mitochondria,
lysosomes, ER, gogi body
etc.)
Chromosomes
Chloroplast (some)
Mostly multicellular
~10-100 um
Prokaryotic Cell Parts
Flagellum – move the bacterium in a fluid medium
Cytoplasm – a semifluid medium that make up the majority of the
cell
Ribosomes – responsible for making proteins
Nucleiod – where the DNA is located
Capsule – gelationous sheath called a slime layer that surrounds the
cell wall
Cell Well – gives the cell its shape
Plasma Membrane – regulates the movement of molecules into and
out of the cytoplasm.
Plasmid – external single DNA molecule
Pili – hairlike structure used in bacterial conjugation (sharing of
genetic material.
Prokaryotic Cell Parts