Transcript Reading the Periodic Table

Physical Changes, Chemical Changes, Physical Properties, Chemical
Properties, Chemical Reactions? How do I get from these to the
periodic table?
~ It is all about what is inside of these properties and reactions.
~ It is about what happens to these properties and reactions.
The periodic table lays out the ingredients for reactions.
~ Each box on the periodic table represents a different element.
~ With in each change or reaction, these elements will be present.
~ The table will also tell, based on the make up of the element, how it
will act in a reaction and how it will act when around other elements.
What makes up an element: atoms
What makes up the atoms:
Nucleus: located in the core of the atom
it contains protons and neutrons
Energy Shells: electrons
~ Because these atoms are so very small they can not be measured
with every day units of mass.
~ Scientist created the atomic mass unit (amu) to measure the
particles in atoms.
~ The mass of a proton or a neutron is about one atomic mass unit.
~ Protons have about 2 thousand times more mass than electrons.
~ This means that most of an atom’s mass is in it nucleus.
~ An atom that contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons has a
mas of about 7 atomic mass units.
~ Protons and electrons also carry electrical charges.
~ Neutrons as their name implies, are neutral-they carry no charge.
~ Protons carry a positive electrical charge.
~ Electrons carry a negative electrical charge.
~ Electrons move constantly and rapidly in the space around the
nucleus.
~ Every atom of a particular element contains the same number of
protons.
~ Every carbon atom contains 6 protons.
~ An elements atomic number- the number of protons in its nucleus,
is a unique property that identifies the element.
~ Each square of the periodic table usually includes the element’s
atomic number, chemical symbol, name, an atomic mass.
Inside the square:
The first entry in the square is a number. This is the atomic number.
It will tell you that every atom of this element has that number of
protons and electrons.
~ Below the atomic number are letters. This is the chemical symbol.
~ Every chemical symbol for an element usually contains either one
or two letters.
~ The first letter is capitalized the second letter will be lower case.
The last entry in the square is the atomic mass. The atomic mass is
the average mass of an elements atoms.
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