Transcript Atoms, Elements, and Ions

Matter is anything that has mass and volume!!
Volume
• We can find the volume of a box by taking the
length X width X height.
• Example - 2cm x 3cm x 4cm = 24 cm3
• We can find the volume of liquids by pouring
into a beaker or graduated cylinder (milliliters or
liters)
• We can find the volume of a rock by using the
water displacement method
Balance Lab Review
• Matter is….
• How can we measure matter?
• Mass is….
• Volume is…..
• What ways do we measure volume?
Be able to draw these diagrams - note the
particles and how they change!!
Temperature
• Average kinetic energy of the particles in
a material
• When you heat things up the particles
move faster…
• Think of an ice cube, heated becomes
water, then heated becomes steam…
Density
• Amount of mass in a certain
amount of volume…how packed
something is.
• A rock is dense –
• A baseball is dense
• A golf ball is dense
• Tennis ball, sponge – less
dense
Matter is found in 3 States
•Solid, Liquid & Gas
• Matter changes from state to state in the
following ways….
Condense – gas turns to liquid
(shower & mirror becomes wet)
Condensation
Freezing – liquid to solid
Freezing
Evaporation – liquid turns to
vapor or gas
Evaporation
Melting – solid to liquid
Melting
Time to Review for Matter Test
• Review all notes and us study guide to help
you prepare for your test.
• Study guide is on the blog
All Matter is
Made of
Elements!!!
Elements
The Greeks
thought there
were only four
elements.
Fire, Water, Air,
Earth
They were
wrong!!!
What are elements?
• ELEMENTS
-
– pure substances that cannot be broken down by
ordinary means to other substances.
Aluminum
Sodium
Bromine
The Language of Chemistry
• The elements,
their names, and
symbols are given
on the
• PERIODIC
TABLE
The Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
Explain I Movie Project
Find periodic table…
The blog has your assignment of what you are
supposed to do.
The blog has links for you to use also
Physical Properties
• Can be measured by your senses
• Color, size, odor, shape & density!
• State of matter.
Chemical Properties
• Describes how matter changes when it reacts
with other matter.
• Conduct electricity?
• Will it explode?
• Will it rust?
In Chemical Changes
• A Brand new substance will be formed!
• When paper is burned….you have ashes left.
Describe Aluminum
Describe Sugar
Physical & Chemical Changes
• Aluminum Demonstration
• Aluminum can only be broken down into
aluminum
• Melting Sugar
• Sugar when heated became a totally different
substance - Carbon & Water
What is an Atom?
• The smallest
particle of an
element
• Everything on
this earth is
made of atoms!
The Atom
An atom consists of a
• nucleus
–(of protons and neutrons)
• electrons in space about the nucleus.
Electron cloud
Nucleus
ATOMIC COMPOSITION
• Protons (p+) – this equals the atomic #
+ electrical charge
• Electrons (e-)
–
negative electrical charge
• Neutrons (no)
no electrical charge
Radioactive Elements?
• The nucleus decays and they become other
elements.
Atomic Number
All atoms of the same element
have the same number of
protons in the nucleus
13
Al
26.981
Atomic number # of protons
Chemical symbol
AVERAGE Atomic Mass
The Periodic Table
What are these elements?
These are chemical symbols
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hg
Ag
Mn
O
N
Au
He
H
Al
Na
Fe
Ni
Cu
C (found in all living things..)
Compounds
– composed of 2 or more
elements
– properties differ from
those of individual
elements
– EX: table salt (NaCl)
(Sodium Chloride)
– Ex. water & sugar
Chemical Bonds
• Compounds are
made by chemical
bonds between the
atoms!
A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a
compound – linked atoms.
H2O
C8H10N4O2 - caffeine
Chemical Formulas
• Group of symbols that show elements in a
compound.
• H2O (2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom)
• NaHCO3 (1 Sodium, 1 Hydrogen, 1 Carbon,
3 Oxygen)
• C2H3O2C6H4CO2 How many atoms are there?
Here are some more
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Methane CH4
Cholesterol C27H45OH
Fruit Sugar C6H12O6
Vitamin C – C6H8O6
Regular Sugar C12H22O11
Remember when we melted sugar??
It went through a chemical change,
and turned into water (Hydrogen &
Oxygen) and the black substance
was Carbon!!
What is an Alloy?
• Bronze…..Look up the definition of Alloy…
• Go to your DE Science Techbook and look at
the Atoms, Elements & Compounds
assignment….
• Search through all three items and watch 3-4
videos…
Study for Element & Atoms
Test!
• Make sure your study guide has been filled
out!