Transcript Bell work: Date - Wando High School

The atoms: MENU:

First bell work with directions
 Names/symbols quiz 1
 Names/symbols quiz 2
 Start of the atom Notes
 Bell works at end of ppt
 Percent abundance notes
 Atomic egg lab/How did you get that?
 Centium lab
Bell work: Date:
Write the [answers] to the following: (Just write the answers)
Name plates! IDS! Turn in Classroom Contracts Now if
you have not- into the hulk-hand-in.
1) When should you have your ID on?
2) If you are sitting in the lab and you leave that area,
what should you do?
3) If the teacher starts counting to 5 what should you do?
4) If you disagree with the teacher on a grade or other
matter, when should you talk to the teacher about it?
5) What should you do if you are late?
6) In what other situations should you use the tardy door?
7) What 3 things are on all papers you hand in?
8) When should your cell phone be put away?
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
ONLY WRITE WHAT’S in [ ].
Turn in your Classroom management if
you have not already.
Name the [three elements that
gave you the most trouble] last
night while you studied. Write their
names and their symbols.
Names in front please!
Bellwork: Date:
 Draw
and label an atom of lithium the
best that you can.
 (It’s ok to be incorrect- just try)
Bellwork: Date:
 Draw
and label an [atom of nitrogen] the
best that you can. Do it like you did
carbon in your notes.
 (It’s ok to be incorrect- just try)
Element name and symbols quiz
12) He
18) Si
1) H 7) P
13) Ar
2) O 8) Br
19) As
3) Cl
14)
Kr
20) C
9) Ne
4) N
15) I
21)
B
10)
Tellurium
5) S
16) Astatine 22) Se ^
6) F 11) Rn
17) Xe
Element name and symbols quiz
7) P phosphorus
1) H hydrogen
2) O oxygen
8) Br bromine
3) Cl chlorine
9) Ne neon
4) N nitrogen
10)
Tellurium Te
5) S sulfur
11) Rn Radon
6) F fluorine
Element name and symbols quiz
12) He Helium
18) Si
13) Ar argon
19) As arsenic
14) Kr krypton
20) C
carbon
15) I
21) B
boron
iodine
16) Astatine At
17) Xe xenon
Silicon
22) Se selenium
Bell work:
Date:
ONLY WRITE WHAT’S in [ ].
Turn in your Classroom management if
you have not already.
 [Name
three elements you had
trouble with ] last night- write the
name and symbol.
 1)
 2)
 3)
Element name and symbols quiz2
9) Fe
1) Li
15) V
21) Ag
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Mg
Na
Ca
Zn
Co
Sr
Cu
10) Ti
16) Be
22) Hg
11) K
17) Fr
23) Cr
12) Ba 18) Ra
24) Sc
13) Mn 19) Ni
25) Au ^
14) Cs 20) Rb
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
ONLY WRITE WHAT’S in [ ].
Turn in your Classroom management if
you have not already.
Names in front please!
What might happen in the situation
below? [Write down the reactants and
make an educated ] guess of what the
products might look like . It is ok to be
wrong, just give it a try.
AlCl3 + Mg 
Element name and symbols quiz 2
9) Fe iron
1) Li lithium
2) Mg magnesium
10) Ti titanium
3) Na sodium
11)
K
potassium
4) Ca calcium
5) Zn zinc
12) Ba barium
6) Co cobalt
13) Mn manganese
strontium
7) Sr
14) Cs cesium
8) Cu copper
Element name and symbols quiz
15) V vanadium 21) Ag silver
16) Be beryllium 22) Pt
platinum
17) Fr francium 23) Cr chromium
18) Ra radium
19) Ni
nickel
20) Rb rubidium
24) Sc scandium
25) Au
gold
NAME PLATES IN FRONT PLEASE!
• 1) After the bell, remain quiet as you begin your bell
work.
2)Write down “Bell work” and the date to begin
each day. Then write everything that is in
brackets[ ]. Finally, answer the question.
Bell work date: 8/ /
[Name as many topics that you can think of that you
believe might be taught in this class].
1) Gravity…
2) etc.
3)
NAME PLATES IN FRONT PLEASE!
• 1) After the bell, remain quiet as you begin your bell
work.
2)Write down “Bell work” and the date to begin
each day. Then write everything that is in
brackets[ ]. Finally, answer the question.
Bell work date: 8/ /
[Make a list of the elements symbols and names for as
many as you can remember].
1) H hydrogen
2) etc.
3)
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
Materials Check in place of bell work.
Place the following on your desk.
1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
2 Mechanical pencil
3 Red pen
4 Reading book
5 Sci. Calculator
* Turn in classroom management if
you have not to the Hulk Hand-in.
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
CHECK #2.
Place the following on your desk.
1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
2 Mechanical pencil
3 Red pen
4 Reading book
5 Sci. Calculator
* Have all item by tomorrow at the
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
CHECK #3.
Place the following on your desk.
1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
2 Mechanical pencil
3 Red pen
4 Reading book
5 Sci. Calculator
Bell work:
Date: (see board)
Write both [isotopic
symbols] for the following
atoms.
[1) P= 10 N=10 e = 10]
2) [P= 7 N=8 e = 7]
Fire drill and Tornado Drill
Procedures will be covered.
THE ATOM
Everything that exists in the universe
is one of two things…
1) Energy
2) Matter
All matter is made of one or more
of the …
… Elements!^
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/ele
ments.html

Examples of energy
 Heat
 Light
 Sound
Do these things have mass?
NO
Do they take up space?
NO^
 Chemistry
is the study of MATTER.
 Matter is defined as…
 Anything that has mass and takes up
space.
 Examples… (name a few)^
What makes up an atom?
 Protons
 Neutrons
 Electrons
 These
parts.^
can be broken into even smaller
Particle Accelerators
Atom smashing
viewput on repeat on
atom smashin 9 min.avi
Protons
 Have
a positive charge
 Are part of the nucleus
 Have a mass of 1 AMU
 (atomic mass unit)^
NOT TO SCALE!
1 atom of carbon
Nucleus of atom
Weight of each one = 1 amu
Total weight so far?
6 amu!
{
Protons (part of nucleus)
Each has a positive charge
+
+
+
+
+
+
Neutrons
 Have
no charge: they are neutral
 Are part of the nucleus
 Have a mass of 1 AMU
Update: (same atom of carbon)
Nucleus of atom
{
Protons (part of nucleus)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Total weight of atom
so far?
6 protons= 6 amu
+ 6 neutrons = 6 amu
12 amu total!
Neutrons (part of nucleus)
None have a charge
Each weighs 1 amu
Electrons

Have a negative charge.
 Move very quickly around
the nucleus.
 This fast movement forms
the “electron clouds”.
 Have relatively no mass.^
Electrons move quickly around the nucleus
-
Final Update: (same atom of carbon)
Protons (part of nucleus)
-
+
What is the overall mass/weight
+
Overall charge of atom?
+6 (protons) -6 (electrons)
Neutral overall!
+
+
of this atom of carbon?
12 amu
+
+
Neutrons (part of nucleus)
-
-
- Each electron has a negative charge
-
- Electrons have no mass (relatively)
Atoms and elements
 All
matter is made of atoms.
 There are many types of atoms.
 Each different type of atom is known as
an element.^
Comparing sizes
Nucleus
Atom
 Nucleus
(50 yd line)
How elements are different
 To
determine the element you have, you
only need to know the number of
PROTONS.
 The number of protons is known as the
atomic number.
 The atomic number is the whole number
on most periodic charts.^
Bellwork:
Date:
 Protons
 Neutrons
 Electrons
 Tell
the charge, mass, and location for
each.
Counting Protons (P), Neutrons
(N), and Electrons(e-)
 All
atoms are neutral overall.
 The number of Protons (+) & electrons
(-) must be the same to be neutral.
 Why doesn't the number of neutrons
matter?
 They do not affect the charge!^
Isotopes
 Isotopes-
are atoms of the same element
with different numbers of neutrons.
 Each isotope of an element will have a
different mass/weight.
 The number of neutrons can vary in atoms
of a given element
 Ex. assume there are 3 isotopes of carbon
P= 6
P= 6
P= 6
N= 8
N= 6
N= 7
-=
e
6
e= 6
e= 6
C
C
C
The 3 isotopes of C
Isotopes
 Can
changing the number of neutrons
change what element it is?
 No
 Would changing the number of neutrons
affect the mass?
 Yes!
 Each one has a mass of 1 amu
 Changing neutrons will only effect the
mass.^
Finding the mass of an
Isotope
 Mass
number- the mass of a single atom
 What subatomic particles have mass?
 What is the mass of each one?
 If something has 5 protons, 5 neutrons,
and 5 electrons, what is the mass
number?
 5 P + 5 N= 10 amu total
 Remember, mass number= P + N
^
Naming an isotope

In the last example the mass was 10 amu.
 What
was the element?
 Boron! Atomic number 5- it had 5 protons.
 This isotope’s name can be written two ways.
1) 10B5
This shows the atomic number and the
mass number (the atomic # is not always shown).
2) B-10
This way only gives the mass number. ^
Remember these?
Names?
C-12
C
P= 6
N= 6
e- = 6
C-13
C
P= 6
N= 7
e- = 6
C-14
C
3 isotopes of C
P= 6
N= 8
e- = 6
Write 2 isotopic symbols given
the following knowns…
 1)
4 protons, 2 neutrons, 4 electrons
Be- 6,
 2)
6
4Be
12 neutrons, 13 protons, 13 electrons
Al-25,
25
13Al

The atom lab 1 (beads)
Average atomic mass Every
element on the periodic chart shows
its atomic number and also another
number- usually a decimal.
 This decimal number is the average atomic
mass.
 It is not the mass number of any one atom.
 It represents the average mass of atoms of
the element.
 It is an average of all the different
.
 Isotopes!
 The most common isotope will influence
the overall average atomic mass the most.
Bellwork
date:
[How is the periodic chart arranged?]
Hint: it seems to related to one of the
three subatomic particles we are
studying.
Name plate up- IDs on.
Have all materials out on your desk…
Red pen, mechanical pencil/lead, binder,
book (non-text), calculator
Bellwork: Date:
Write 2 isotopic symbols for
the following knowns…
 1)
8 protons, 6 neutrons, 8 electrons
O-14,
 2)
14
8O
15 neutrons, 16 protons, 16 electrons
31
S-31, 16S
Ions
Why do atoms often become Ions?
Most atoms are not naturally stable.
Only the Noble gases are stable as atoms.
So atoms tend to “become like a noble gas”
in the NUMBER OF ELECTRONS they
have.
To do this, atoms will gain or lose electrons
to achieve the same number of electrons
as the closest noble gas.
Example of making an ion
 Atoms
become ions by gaining or losing 1 or
more electrons.
 Note that ions will always have a charge on
them (unlike atoms).
 Ion types: Cations = + ions Anions= - ions
 What happens if an atom of oxygen gains two
electrons? What noble gas will it be like now?
 It now has 10 e- (like Neon) and 8 P.
 Is it more plus or minus now? By how much?
 Its overall charge (oxidation number) is
now –2.
 This is how you show an ion:
 O-2 The charge is written superscript.^
What is it?
2 e 3P
 4 N
 Ion of Li
 -2 + 3 = +1 overall (cation)

Symbol? Li+1
+1
7
+1
Li
-7
or
Li
Isotopic symbol?
3
What is it?
7 e 7P
 8N
 Atom of nitrogen
N
 15 amu

Symbol? N
15
N-15
or
N
Isotopic symbol?
7
What is it/How many?
 13
N
 18 e 16 P
 Ion of sulfur (anion)
 S-2
 29 amu
Symbol? S-2
-2
29
-2
S
-29
or
S
Isotopic symbol?
16
How many?
Ca
– 41 or
P= 20
 e- =20
 N= 21

41Ca
20
How many?
F-1
- 20
 P= 9
 e- =10
 N= 11
How many?
+2 or Ca+2
41
Ca
20
P= 20
 e- =18
 N= 21

– 41
The Bohr model of the atom
- created by Niels Bohr
- is a simplified way to understand what
an atom looks like.
- it shows electrons in Energy levels
-the first E level is closest to the
nucleus…
and can hold only 2 electrons.
- the 2nd energy level is larger and
farther from the nucleus and can hold
8 electrons.
- 3rd can hold up to 18 electrons- stable
at 8 and /or 18 (this will be explored
The Borh model of the atom
The Octet Rule: States that most
elements are stable when they have 8
electrons in the outermost energy level.
- All elements will be stable when they
have a FILLED OUTERMOST ENERGY
LEVEL.
- Valence= Outermost
-
Lets try a few…
Draw the Bohr model for the following,
Then predict how the following become
stable (just state it- don’t change
model).
Beryllium
Oxygen
Sodium
Nitrogen
Bellwork: Date:
Write the symbol for the
[stable ion/atom]. Use may use Bohr
model or the PC to help you.
[1) Mg
2) As
3) Al
4) Rb
5) I
6) Ar ]
Bell work!:
A
Date:
certain ion contains 10 electrons. It
also has a charge of -2. What element
might this be?
 A certain ion contains 54 electrons. It
also has a charge of +2. What is the
identity of the element?
Percent Abundance

As we have discussed, there may be more than
one “type” of atom for each element.
 For example, there are two types of lithium.
 They are Li-6 and Li-7.
 How are these two isotopes different from one
another?
 Li-7 has one more neutron.
 As a review- identify how many P, N, and e- each
of these isotopes of lithium has.^
Percent abundance cont.

In reality, Li-7 is found much more commonly
than Li-6 in nature.
 Li-7 is found 92.50 percent of the time.
 Li- 6 must be found what percent of the time?
 100% - 92.5% = 7.50 %
 It can be stated that…
 Li-7 has a percent abundance of 92.50%.
 Li-6 has a percent abundance of 7.50 %.^
Calculating an element’s average
atomic mass
 This
process will describe how
scientists obtain that decimal number on
the periodic chart.
 Step 1) Write the isotope’s percent
abundance in decimal form.
 Li-7 = .9250
 Li-6 = .0750 ^
Calculating an element’s average
atomic mass Cont.

2) Multiply the mass of each by this
decimal.

Li-7 x .9250 = 6.475

Li-6 x .0750 = .45
3)Add these numbers together to get the
average atomic mass.
6.475+ .45= 6.925
4) Finally, round to the hundredths place.
6.93 amu would be on the periodic chart.
The Periodic Chart
 Family/Group:
The vertical column an
element is in on the periodic chart
 Period: The horizontal row an element
is in on the PC.
 metals, non-metals:
 noble gases:
 transition metals (T-metals):
 metalloids:
 halogens:
 alkali metals:
 alkaline earth metals:
What element is found…
 Family
1, period 3
 Group II, period 5
 Family 12, period 5
 Group VII, Period 3
 Where is Ca?
 Where is Al?
 Where is bromine?
 Alkali metal in period 4?
 Noble gas in period 2?
Bellwork: Date:
1. Name a nonmetal in family VI
2. Name a metalloid in period 2
3. Name an Alkaline Earth metal in period 4
4. Name a halogen in group 17 ;)
5. Name a transition metal in family 9
6. Name an alkali metal in period 5
Periodic Trends…
 What
charge will Family I elements
always have?
 Family II?
 Fill in your PC with charges above the
family numbers.
Bellwork
date:
How many?
F-1–20
P= 9
 e- = 10
 N= 11

or
20F-1
9
What is it?

4 protons
 5 neutrons
 4 electrons
 It’s beryllium
 An ATOM of beryllium (it’s neutral!)
 Be
 Mass?
 P and Neutrons are 1 amu each
 4 + 5 = 9 amu
Symbol? Be
Isotopic symbol? Be-9 or
Ask!
How did you get that?
What else could he ask?
What vocabulary goes with this?
Build an atom
 Main
page= see lab write up 2012
The sims
How many?
Al
- 25
 P= 13
 e- =13
 N= 12
How many?
Al+3
- 25
P= 13
 e- =10
 N= 12

Bellwork
 Consider
date:
the following symbol
 [Ca+2]
 Is
it an atom or an ion?
 How many protons are in it?
 Electrons?
 Neutrons?
 How much does it weigh (mass number)
Lets try a few…
Hydrogen
Helium
How many outermost/valance electrons
does each have?
Why is Helium stable?
A Few More
 Lithium
 Nitrogen
 Neon
 Which
ones are naturally stable?
Bellwork: Date:
 Assume
there are three isotopes of
Fluorine: (this is bogus data)
 [F-18
99.76%
 F-19
.04%
 F-21
.20%]
 What would be it’s average atomic
mass on the periodic chart?
R=18.01 amu
Bellwork : Pre-Quiz Grab Bag
P=15 e-=18 N= 17 Isotopic name?
 2) Stable ions these atoms… a) Al b) S
 3) a) Define Mass number, b) atomic number,
 1)
c) average atomic mass, d) isotope
4) How did Na+1 become an ion exactly?
5) Symbols for a) copper, b) manganese, c)arsenic?
6) Compare the numbers on PN and e- in Be-10 and
Be-9. Which has a higher percent abundance ?
7) Family period of Magnesium? Other labels for it?
Ions
 If
an atom loses or gains electrons it is
no longer called an atom…(why?)
 Because it’s no longer neutral overall
 It is called an Ion.
 Are ions neutral?
 No, never: they will always have either a
+ or – charge overall^
What is it?
8P
 10 e8 N
 It’s oxygen
 It’s an ion of Oxygen
 8 + 10 - = -2 overall

Symbol? O-2
-2
O
Isotopic symbol? -16
Making a atom/ion sims
 Sims
A Few More
 Lithium
 Nitrogen
 Neon
 Which
ones are naturally stable?
Write the symbol for the stable
ion/atom.
 potassium
 phosphorus
 krypton
 sulfur
 Barium
Periodic Trends…
 Study
the atoms/ions we have do so far
and see if you can find any
trends/patterns on the periodic chart.
 What does the family tell you?
 How many electrons are in the
outermost energy level.
 What does the period tell you?
 How many energy levels it has
Examples of Becoming Stable…
 an
atom of aluminum will…
 Lose 3 or gain 5?
 Lose 3…
 Al+3
This requires less energy than gaining 5...
The way that loses/gains the FEWEST
electrons will be the most likely way an
atom becomes stable (like a noble gas).
Would the following ions be stable?
Yes or NO (fix wrong ones)
Al+3
Be-2
N-2
Na+1
P-2
Li-1