Transcript Chapter 3, Section 1

3.2 Cell Organelles
Topic: Cell Organelles
Objective: Identify the functions of the major cell
organelles.
3.2 Cell Organelles
EUKARYOTES VS PROKARYOTES
--Eukaryotic (EU sounds like DO)
cells have a nucleus
“kary” means kernel or nucleus
--Prokaryotic cells
(PRO sounds like NO)
do not have a nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells do
not have
membrane-bound
organelles either
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– “cyto” means cell….”
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) assists in transportation
through the cell
• There are two types:
– rough endoplasmic
reticulum
– smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins
•
Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, packaGes and delivers
proteins
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold and store materials
like food and water
– WAY BIGGER IN PLANT CELLS!
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Centrioles are tubes
– Centrioles help divide
DNA.
– Only in ANIMAL CELLS
3.2 Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• A cell wall provides rigid support– Only in PLANT cells and some bacteria
3.2 Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy
(photosynthesis). Only in PLANT cells.