Transcript Scientific Notation - Warren County Public Schools

Chemistry Final Review
Gas Laws Assignment
Chapter 14
• Take the data and graph the three Gas Laws.
-Can convert temperature data to Kelvin.
K = 273.15 + 0C
(kelvin)
(celsius)
• Interpret the graph by answering the
questions.
•Use the Gas Laws graphs to answer
questions on the final.
•Due on Monday (5/14)
Gas Law Assignment
1. Volume vs. Pressure
Boyle’s Law
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Gas Law Assignment
2. Temperature vs. Volume
Charles’s Law
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Temperature vs. Pressure
3. Temperature vs. Pressure
Gay-Lussac’s Law
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Chemistry Introduction:
Measurement and Scientific Method
Measurement and Scientific Method:
Precision vs. Accuracy
Label each picture as precise, accurate, both, or neither.
Matter and Change
Phase Changes and Kinetic Energy
Atomic Structure
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Bohr’s Model of the Atom
• The electron cloud consists
of energy levels.
• Electrons reside and move
around in these energy
levels.
• Electrons can move to other
energy levels when absorb
photons.
Electron Movement
1.
2.
3.
1. Ground state of H Atom (lowest energy level for e-)
2. A photon (light particle) is absorbed by H’s electron.
Electron becomes excited and jumps to higher energy
level.
3. E- returns to ground state and emits (releases) the
photon.
Emitted photon’s wavelength can be detected by
Electron Properties and Arrangement
Electron Properties and Arrangement
Electron Properties and Arrangement
Periodic Table
Periodic Table:
Atomic Radius
Periodic Table:
Ionization Energy
Chemical Bonding
Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Synthesis
(A+ B ----> AB)
2. Decomposition (AB------> A + B)
3. Single Replacement (A+ BC ---> B +
AC)
4. Double Replacement (AB + CD ---> CB
+ AD)
5. Combustion (CxHx + O2 ----> CO2 +
H2O)
6. Neutralization (Acid + Base--> H2O +
Chemical Reaction Energy
Diagram
Chemical Reaction Energy
Diagram
Chemical Reactions Rates
• Reaction Rates = how fast the reactants
chemically change into the products.
• Collision Theory: Reactant particles will form
products when reactants collide:
- at the right position.
- and exchange the right amount of kinetic
energy.
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry:
Radioactive Decay
Chemical Quantities
mass
molar mass
1mol
1mol
molar mass
moles
22.4L
1mol
1mol
6 .0 2 x 10 23 part icles
1mol
22.4L
6 .0 2 x 10 23 part icles
1mol
volume
at STP
number of
represent at ive
part icles
Stoichiometry
Exothermic vs. Endothermic
Chemistry Final
What does Chemistry study?
Scientific Notation
1. Convert to scientific notation:
2,350,921
Scientific Notation
• Convert to scientific notation .
0.0000258
Metric Conversion
Kilo-, Hecto-, Deka-, Base, Deci- Centi-, Milli• 5 kg = ________cg
Metric Conversion
Kilo-, Hecto-, Deka-, Base, Deci- Centi-, Milli-
• 3.5cL= ______ L
Metric and English Conversions
How many seconds is in 10.26hrs?
Metric and English Conversions
• Sara ran 2 miles in 16 minutes. How far
did she run in kilometers? (1mi= 1600m)
Density
What is the equation for density?
Density
• A solution has a mass of 1200 g and a
density of 1.2 g/mL. What is the volume?
Density
• What is the density of a 50mL sample of
water that has a mass of 49.6 g?
Scientific Method
• What are the 5 main steps to the scientific
method?
Scientific Method
What is the difference between qualitative
and quantitative results?
Scientific Method
• What is the difference between accuracy
and precision?
Scientific Method
•
Determine which of the following sets of
data is most precise.
a. 2.5, 6.0, 4.0
b. 2.5, 3.0, 2.0
c. 2.5, 2.4, 2.3
Scientific Method
• A student wanted to know how temperature
affected the rate of a chemical reaction. She
observed and recorded the time it took for a
chemical reaction to occur at three different
temperatures.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Significant Figures
• How many significant figures?
0.01020g ________
Significant Figures
• How many signficant figures?
• 2.104_______
Calculating using Significant Figures
• How many significant figures are in the
answer?
1.21 g x 0.50g =
Calculating using Signficant Figures
• How many significant figures are in the
answer?
0.45m + 2.140m + 1.3g+ 4g =
Matter
• What are the two broad classes of matter?
Classification of Matter
Matter
• What is the big difference between
substances and mixtures?
Mixtures
•
Determine if the following mixtures are
heterogenous or homogenous mixtures.
a. Saltwater
b. Vegetable soup
Compounds
True or False: Compounds composition is
always varied.
True or False: A compound’s properties are
similar to the elements making up the
compound.
Physical Properties
Give me example of physical properties.
Chemical properties
Give me example of chemical properties.
Physical or Chemical Change
•
Determine if the following are chemical or
physical changes
a. Boiling water
b. Digesting food
c. Burning fire wood
d. Dissolving sugar in water
Mixture or Compound?
• air
• Na(OH)
• lead
• Na(OH)solution
Atomic Theory
• Who believed matter consisted of air,
wind, fire, and earth?
• Who was the first to propose that matter is
composed of atoms?
Atomic Theory
• Who was the first person to confirm using
the scientific method that matter was
composed of atoms?
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
• Identify important concepts of Dalton’s Atomic
Theory.
The Atom
• What are the two subatomic particles that
have charge?
The Atom
• What are the two subatomic particles that
contribute mass to an atom?
The Atom
• What is the difference between mass
number and atomic mass?
Atomic Subparticles
• Nitrogen is a neutral atom. It has 7neutrons and
7 electrons.
• What is Nitrogen’s number of protons?
• What is Nitrogen’s atomic number?
• What is Nitrogen’s mass number?
Atomic Subparticles
• Ca 2+ has a mass number of 40 and an
atomic number of 20.
• How may protons does Ca 2+ have?
• How many electrons does Ca 2+ have?
• How many neutrons does Ca 2+ have?
The Atom
• What is an isotope?
Bell Ringer
•
How many significant figures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.040020____
1.0200_____
10,840______
24.09/ 4.2______
4.25 + 4.0 = ______
Isotope
• C-12 and C-13 are isotopes.
What subatomic particle has the same value
with each isotope of carbon above?
What subatomic particle has different values
with each isotope of carbon above?
Radioisotope
• What is a radioisotope?
• What are the three types of radioisotope
particles we talked about?
Nuclear Radiation
Radiation charges
Radiation Penetration
paper
wood
concrete or lead
Alpha Particles
Alpha rays(α) = Emission of a He nucleus.
• alpha particles are (+) charged .
• large mass and charge prevents alpha particles from
traveling and penetrating far.
1.
parent
isotope
(unstable)
decays
α
+
particle
(He nucleus)
daughter isotope
(stable)
Nuclear Decay with α Particles
• Mass number decreases by four
• Atomic Number decreases by two
(Daughter isotope that is more stable)
Nuclear Decay: Beta Particles
• Beta Rays (β) = A neutron breaks into a p+
and e• p+ remains in nucleus and e- is emitted.
• Beta rays have a (-) charge.
• Beta rays travel and penetrate farther
because smaller charge and no mass.
Nuclear Decay with β particles
• Mass number remains the same
(proton switches with a neutron)
• Atomic number increases by one.
(proton formed in nucleus; stable daughter
isotope).
Nuclear Decay: Gamma
Gamma Rays(ϒ) = high energy particle with no mass or
charge.
Does not have a charge or mass, therefore travels and
penetrates the farthest.
Most dangerous rays because penetrates skin.
Usually emitted with alpha and beta particles.
+ϒ
parent
decays
α
+
isotope
particle
(unstable)
(He nucleus)
daughter isotope + ϒ
(stable)
Nuclear Decay with ϒ rays
• Mass number remains the same
(ϒ rays has no mass)
• Atomic number remains the same
(ϒ rays has no mass or charge)
Periodic Table
• Who organized the periodic table based
on atomic mass?
Periodic Table
• Who organized the periodic table based
on atomic number?
Periodic Table
• How is the modern periodic table
Organized?
Periodic Table
• What is another name for rows on the
periodic table?
Periodic Table
• What is another name for the columns on
the periodic table?
Periodic Table
• Give me an example of a metal, nonmetal, and a metalloid
Periodic Table
• What is the difference between transitional
and representative groups?