Transcript Major Cell Parts and Organelles

Major Cell Parts and
Organelles
Plasma membrane (a.k.a. cell
membrane)
 Surrounds
cell - keeps contents separated
from surroundings
 Has protein channels & pores which let
things in and out
Cell Wall

Outermost structure
of a plant



Cellulose
Dead
Gives support and
shape
Cytoplasm
(cell - jelly like substance)

Holds all the
organelles
 Maintains internal
environment
 (reminder - all cells
have this)
Cytoskeleton

Network of fibers
giving:



Shape
Support
Place where
movement of cell parts
can occur within cell
Nucleus

Information center of
cell
 Stores genes (as
chromosomes)
Yeast cell
nucleus
nuclear
pores
NUCLEUS
Two membranes
of nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Pore
ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Ribosomes
Figure 4.6
Chromosomes
 Contain
30,000 - 40,000 genes
 Genes code for traits (eye color,
height, etc.)
Mitochondria

Changes food
(glucose) into usable
energy (ATP)
Endoplasmic Reticulum

Channels of
membranes used for
transporting materials

2 Types:
Rough - ribosomes
attached
1)
Ø
2)
Proteins for export
Smooth - no ribosomes
attached
Ø
Lipids and carbohydrates
Rough ER
Transport vesicle
buds off
4
Ribosome
Sugar
chain
3
Secretory
(glyco-) protein
inside transport
vesicle
Glycoprotein
1
Polypeptide
2
ROUGH ER
SMOOTH ER
ROUGH
ER
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosomes
SMOOTH ER
Figure 4.9
ROUGH ER
Nucleolus
 Produces
Ribosomes
 Found within nucleus
• NucleOLus
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Ribosomes
 Initiates
or begins the synthesis of proteins
• If free - protein stays in cell
• If attached to ER - protein leaves cell
Golgi Apparatus

Packaging and
distribution center


Into a membrane
bound package called
a vesicle…..
Modifies, sorts, and
ships products

Especially proteins

0%
Vesicle
Lysosomes
(to burst or destroy bodies)
 Sac
of digestive
enzymes
 Digests used cell
parts and invaders
 Recycles parts of
destroyed “things”
Rough ER
Transport vesicle
(containing inactive
hydrolytic enzymes)
Plasma
membrane
Golgi
apparatus
Engulfment
of particle
Lysosome
engulfing
damaged
organelle
“Food”
LYSOSOMES
Food
vacuole
Figure 4.11B
Digestion
Central Vacuole
 WATER
and
salts storage
 Large in plants
 Helps give
plants support
Central
vacuole
Nucleus
Figure 4.13A
Chloroplasts

In plants only
 Converts energy from
sun into food
(glucose)