Transcript Protein Creation Pathway

Protein Creation Pathway
Place your keyboard aside
click on the NUCLEUS to begin the tutorial
The Nucleus
The nucleus (flashing circle) is
nicknamed the “control center”
of a cell. But why? The
nucleus contains DNA in its
active form and this DNA will
ultimately be used as a
blueprint to create proteins for
use throughout the body. The
process of creating a protein
begins in the nucleus.
Click the arrow to zoom inside
and view a nucleus.
See the dark spot inside the
nucleus? This is the nucleolus.
Give it a click.
Nucleolus
The Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a dense
region within the
nucleus. This organelle
(tiny cell part) is
responsible for creating
thousands of ribosomes.
Ribosomes play an
important role in the
creation of proteins as
we will see later.
Click the Nucleolus to see
an artists drawing.
Nucleus
The Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a dense
region within the
nucleus. This organelle
(tiny cell part) is
responsible for creating
thousands of ribosomes.
Ribosomes play an
important role in the
creation of proteins as
we will see later.
These organelles are 3-dimensional. But they often look flat when viewed through a microscope. To
proceed, answer the question below.
What are the monomers of a protein called?
monosaccharide
Fatty acid
Nucleotide
Amino acid
Doh! Try Again!
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide Polysaccharide
Lipid
Fatty acid
Lipid
Protein
Amino acid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Review the chart. Click the button to return.
Correct!
Ribosomes
By far, the ribosomes are the
most numerous of all
organelles. Remember, they
are created by the nucleolus.
After exiting the nucleus they
themselves are responsible
for the production of proteins
within the cell. Because they
are so small, they resemble
tiny dots in this picture.
After they exit the nucleus, they
are often attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Click HERE to see the ER and
attached ribosomes.
Ribosomes
By far, the ribosomes are the
most numerous of all
organelles. Remember, they
are created by the nucleolus.
After exiting the nucleus they
themselves are responsible
for the production of proteins
within the cell. Because they
are so small, they resembles
tiny dots in this picture.
After they exit the nucleus, the
ribosomes are often attached
to the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER).
Let’s review. Which organelle
creates the ribosomes?
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough ER
Doh! Try Again!
Click the button to return.
Correct!
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the
nucleus. As they exit the
nucleus, they begin to create
proteins through a process called
translation.
The rough ER is called “rough”
because it is covered with
ribosomes. The rough ER is
basically a tunnel system to
move ribosomes to other parts of
the cell. In this sense, you can
compare the rough ER to a
subway, and the passengers are
the ribosomes.
Click to see the rough ER.
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the
nucleus. As they exit the
nucleus, they begin to create
proteins through a process called
translation.
The rough ER is called “rough”
because it is covered with
ribosomes. The rough ER is
basically a tunnel system to
move ribosomes to other parts of
the cell. In this sense, you can
compare the rough ER to a
subway, and the passengers are
the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the
nucleus and flow into the rough
ER, the rough ER is attached to
the outside of the nucleus.
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
See the dots? Those are the ribosomes.
Ribosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the
nucleus. As they exit the
nucleus, they begin to create
proteins through a process called
translation.
The rough ER is called “rough”
because it is covered with
ribosomes. The rough ER is
basically a tunnel system to
move ribosomes to other parts of
the cell. In this sense, you can
compare the rough ER to a
subway, and the passengers are
the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the
nucleus and flow into the rough
ER, the rough ER is attached to
the outside of the nucleus.
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
See the dots? Those are the ribosomes.
Ribosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the
nucleus. As they exit the
nucleus, they begin to create
proteins through a process called
translation.
The rough ER is called “rough”
because it is covered with
ribosomes. The rough ER is
basically a tunnel system to
move ribosomes to other parts of
the cell. In this sense, you can
compare the rough ER to a
subway, and the passengers are
the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the
nucleus and flow into the rough
ER, the rough ER is attached to
the outside of the nucleus.
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
We need to review before we go further.
Ribosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the
nucleus. As they exit the
nucleus, they begin to create
proteins through a process called
translation.
The rough ER is called “rough”
because it is covered with
ribosomes. The rough ER is
basically a tunnel system to
move ribosomes to other parts of
the cell. In this sense, you can
compare the rough ER to a
subway, and the passengers are
the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the
nucleus and flow into the rough
ER, the rough ER is attached to
the outside of the nucleus.
Let’s Review
Which step happens first? Click the correct sentence.
The ribosomes exit the nucleus
The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
The nucleolus creates ribosomes
Correct!
Check the animation. Then click which happens next.
1st step: The nucleolus creates ribosomes
The ribosomes exit the nucleus
The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
Correct!
Check the animation. Then click which happens next.
1st step: The nucleolus creates ribosomes
2nd step: The ribosomes exit the nucleus
The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
Correct!
Remember, we are tracing the path of protein creation.
1st step: The nucleolus creates ribosomes
2nd step: The ribosomes exit the nucleus
3rd step: The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along
the rough ER.
Protein Functions
Remember, the ribosomes were
traveling along the rough ER while
making proteins. Proteins are used
in a wide variety of cell activities,
such as growing hair, carrying
oxygen, and digesting foods. Many
proteins are created by one cell, but
needed by another. Therefore many
proteins need to be exported. That’s
the job of the Golgi Body (named
after Camillo Golgi). Click the arrow
to see the Golgi Bodies.
The Golgi body receives the proteins that
were created by the ribosomes. The
Golgi body packages the protein inside a
protective envelope called a vesicle.
Doesn’t the Golgi body resemble a stack
of pancakes?
Vesicles
Vesicles float away from the Golgi
body with finished proteins
inside. The proteins are released
from the cell and are used
throughout the body.
Let’s do some review. Use your
worksheet to help you with the
answers.
1) Which organelle creates
ribosomes?
vesicle
Golgi body
nucleus
rough ER
ribosome
nucleolus
Correct!
Review #2
Which organelle transports the ribosomes from the nucleus to
the Golgi body?
vesicle
Golgi body
nucleus
rough ER
ribosome
nucleolus
Correct!
Review #3
Which organelle creates proteins?
vesicle
Golgi body
nucleus
rough ER
ribosome
nucleolus
Correct!
Review #4
Which organelle packages finalized proteins for shipment?
vesicle
Golgi body
nucleus
rough ER
ribosome
nucleolus
Correct!
Review #5
Which organelle protects a finished protein as it exits the cell?
vesicle
Golgi body
nucleus
rough ER
ribosome
nucleolus
Correct!
Review #6
Click on the nucleolus.
Correct!
Review #7
Click on the Golgi
body…remember
pancakes.
Correct!
Review #8
Click on the rough ER.
Correct!
Review #9
Click on the organelle that
packages proteins for
shipment outside of the
cell.
Correct!
Golgi Body!
Review #10
Click on the organelle that
creates ribosomes.
Correct!
Nucleolus!
I hope this tutorial was helpful. This will be posted on my
website for you to review at any time. Turn in your handout.
Feel free to start over if you would like to do some review.