Transcript Introduction to the Periodic Table

Introduction to the Periodic
Table
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
Periodic Table -History
Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
1st modern periodic table
 arranged elements by atomic mass
number
 predicted the presence missing
elements
 elements of similar properties were
stacked on top of each other
Periodic Table -History
Henry Moseley (1911)

Discovered atomic number
arrange by atomic number
 Corrected error with properties of
the elements Tellurium atomic
number 52 and Iodine atomic
number 53.

Periodic Table
Periodic - things that have a regular
repeating pattern
Periodic Table of Elements - an
arrangement of elements in order
of their atomic number so that
elements with similar properties fall
in the same column
Periodic Table
Zig - Zag Line - Thick bold line that
separates metals from nonmetals.
What is the PERIODIC
TABLE?
o Shows all known
elements in the universe.
o Organizes the elements
by chemical properties.
But what is an element?
An element is matter that is
made entirely from one type
of atom.
But what is matter?
Matter is anything that
takes up space and has
mass.
Main Components of the Atom
Proton
p+
Electron
e-
Neutron
n0
(Nucleus- p+ and n0)
Atomic Terminology
Atomic Number - # of protons in
the atom
Atomic Weight – equals the # of
protons and the # of neutrons
Isotopes – atoms with the same #
of protons, but a different # of
neutrons
Electron Shells –layers or orbits
surrounding the nucleus where
electrons exist
1st shell has two electrons, 2nd and
3rd shell has eight, larger numbers
of electrons fill the outer shells
Atoms/elements are more stable if
their outer shell is full.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
o The number of
protons found in the
nucleus of an atom
Or
o The number of
electrons surrounding
the nucleus of an
atom.
What is the SYMBOL?
o An abbreviation of
the element name.
What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?
o The average number of
protons and neutrons
in the nucleus of an
atom.
How do I find the number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons in an element
using the periodic table?
o # of PROTONS
= ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC
WEIGHT
NUMBER
Now you are almost as smart as
I am!
But not as handsome!
Man, I look GOOD!
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
What is an ELEMENT?
o A substance
composed of a
single kind of atom.
o Cannot be broken
down into another
substance by
chemical or physical
means.
What is a COMPOUND?
o A substance in
which two or
more different
elements are
CHEMICALLY
bonded together.
What is a MIXTURE?
o Two or more
substances that
are mixed
together but are
NOT chemically
bonded.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
How are elements arranged on the
Periodic Table?
1st, by atomic number, small at the top,
large at the bottom
2nd, by the number of electrons in the
outer shell of the atom, arranged in
vertically columns called groups
3rd, by the number of electron shells in
the atom, arranged in horizontal rows
called periods
The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons
in their outer shells
Be (Beryllium)
Atom
Mg (Magnesium) Atom
The period 4 atoms each have 4 electron
containing shells
4th Shell
K (Potassium)
Kr (Krypton)
Atom
Atom
Fe (Iron) Atom
Alkali Metals
Soft, silvery colored
metals
Very reactive!!!
Alkali Metals reacting with water:
Li (Lithium)
Na (Sodium)
K (Potassium)
Rb (Rubidium)
Cs (Cesium)
What would you expect
from Francium?!?!
Alkaline Earth Metals
Silvery-White Metals
Fairly reactive
Many are found in rocks in
the earth’s crust
Transition Metals
Most are good
Conductors of
electricity
Malleable (easily
bent/hammered into
wires or sheets)
How
many
things
can
you
How
many
things
can
you
think
of thatTransition
have
of think
that have
Metals in
Transition Metals in them?
them?
Metalloids lie on left
side of these “zig-zag
line”
They share properties with
both metals and non-metals
Si (Silicon) and Ge
(Germanium) are very
important “semi-conductors”
What are semiconductors used in?
Nonmetals
Brittle
Do not conduct
electricity
Halogens
Most are
Poisonous
Fairly reactive
Chlorine Gas was used as a
chemical weapon during World
War I.
It was used by the Nazis in World
War II.
Noble Gases
Unreactive
Gases at room
temperature
Jellyfish lamps made with noble
gases artist- Eric Ehlenberger
Colors Noble Gases
produce in lamp tubes:
Ne (Neon): orange-red
Hg (Mercury): light blue
Ar (Argon): pale lavender
He (Helium): pale peach
Kr (Krypton): pale silver
Xe (Xenon): pale, deep blue
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
The lanthanide series is a group of
transition elements that have
chemical properties similar to
lanthanum. Lanthanide metals are
also referred to as rare-earth metals.
All the members of this series are
silvery-white with a metallic lustre,
and like all other metals, are
malleable and ductile. These
elements all have unfilled inner 4f
electron orbitals.
The actinide series consists of
14 radioactive elements, most of
which have been synthetically
produced by chemists in the
laboratory. The elements in this
series all have chemical
properties similar to actinium.
The actinides have unfilled inner
5f electron orbitals.