Transcript Atoms - Issaquah Connect

Electrons … and
How to Use Them!
Structure of an Atom
Orbits
Charges
• Electron – negative
• Proton – positive
• Neutron - neutral
Location in Atom
• Electrons – in orbits
• Protons & Neutrons –
in nucleus
Nucleus
Structure of an Atom
• Outside the nucleus
electron
– Electron
• Atomic mass
• Charge
nucleus
(containing protons
and neutrons)
0
(-)
Electrons are arranged in orbits
• Orbit 1 holds
2 electrons
• Orbit 2 holds
8 electrons
• Orbit 3 holds
8 electrons
Why do we care?
• Protons and neutrons
are held together by the
strongest force in
nature!
• Electrons are held less
tightly by the nucleus
• The farther from the
nucleus, the less tightly
they are held
Why do we care? (continued…)
• SO… they are more likely to move around
• SO…..
Almost ALL chemical behavior in
the UNIVERSE is defined by the
motion of electrons!
Ions: Charged Atoms
• Positively Charged Atoms
– Less electrons (-) than protons (+)
– Overall POSITIVE charge
– Called CATIONS
Ions: Charged Atoms
• Negatively Charged Atoms
– More electrons (-) than protons (+)
– Overall NEGATIVE charge
– Called DOGIONS
JUST KIDDING….
They are called ANIONS
The Periodic Table
• Elements are arranged by size…
and chemical properties
• Chemical properties are defined by…
–ELECTRONS!
The Periodic Table
Properties
• Properties are related to atomics structure.
• The number of electrons in the outer most
orbit (valence electrons) determine how an
atom will behave in chemical reactions.