Transcript RevLessAQA_GCSESciC1_1PPt

AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Fundamental
ideas
The fundamental ideas in
in Chemistry
chemistry
Hodder Education Revision Lessons
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Overview
• Atoms and elements are the building blocks of chemistry.
• Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons.
• When elements react they produce compounds.
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Elements
All substances are made of atoms.
A substance that is made of only one sort of atom is called
an element.
There are over 100 different elements.
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
The periodic table 1
Elements are shown in the periodic table (see the next slide).
The groups contain elements with similar properties.
What are the properties of:
• the group 1 elements?
• the group 7 elements?
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
The periodic table 2
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Chemical symbols
Atoms of each element are represented by a chemical symbol.
For example, O represents an atom of oxygen and Na represents
an atom of sodium.
What are the symbols for:
• carbon
• magnesium
• calcium
• helium
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Atoms 1
Atoms have a small central nucleus, which is made up of protons
and neutrons and around which there are electrons.
The relative electrical charges are:
Name of particle
Proton
Charge
+1
Neutron
0
Electron
–1
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Atoms 2
The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of
protons in the nucleus.
Atoms have no overall electrical charge.
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Atomic number and mass number 1
All atoms of a particular element have the same number of
protons.
Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.
The number of protons in an atom of an element is its atomic
number. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is its
mass number.
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Atomic number and mass number 2
How many protons and neutrons do these elements have?
4
2
He
12
6
C
13
6
C
16
8
O
56
26
Fe
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Shells and energy levels
Electrons occupy particular energy levels.
Each electron in an atom is at a particular energy level (in a
particular shell).
The electrons in an atom occupy the lowest available energy
levels (innermost available shells).
The shells fill in the order 2, 8, 8 ...
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AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science
Chemistry 1 Topic 1
Electron structure
The noble gases are unreactive because their outer shells are
full.
Draw the electron structures for 1H, 3Li, 8 O and
1
7
16
Cl.
35
17