Transcript four forces in atom ppt

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
WHATS IN AN ATOM?
THREE MAIN PARTICLES
 PROTONS
 NEUTRONS
 ELECTRONS

WHERE ARE THEY?

IN CENTER:
- PROTONS
- NEUTRONS

ENERGY LEVELS
SURROUNDING
CENTER
- ELECTRONS
WHAT’S THIS LOOK LIKE?
HOW DO MASSES COMPARE?
MEASURED IN AMU’s. (this stands for
atomic mass units)
1 AMU = the mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron
Proton = 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 -24 grams
Neutron = 1 amu or 1.675 x 10-24 grams
Electrons = 0 amu or 9.11 x 10-28 grams
Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the
mass of either the proton or neutron
HOW DO MASSES COMPARE?
MEASURED IN AMU’s. (this stands for
atomic mass units)
1 AMU = the mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron
Proton = 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 -24 grams
Neutron = 1 amu or 1.675 x 10-24 grams
Electrons = 0 amu or 9.11 x 10-28 grams
Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the
mass of either the proton or neutron
What are their electrical charges?

Proton
+ (positive 1)

Electron
- (negative 1)

Neutron
0 (neutral)
Which particles are fundamental?

Electrons are fundamental (small as they
go)
Protons and neutrons are NOT
 These are composed of smaller particles
called QUARKS
 what are quarks?

HOW DO QUARKS WORK?

PROTONS = 2 UP QUARKS (+2/3, +2/3)
1 DOWN QUARK (-1/3)
WHAT DOES THIS ADD UP TO?
You guessed it! +1
How do quarks work?

Neutrons = 2 down quarks (-1/3, -1/3)
1 up quark (+ 2/3)
What does this add up to?
You guessed it! 0
WHAT FORCES ARE IN THE ATOM?

Remember “Fantastic Four”
4 Forces in the atom
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE

A force that combines the effects of
electrical charge and magnetism. This
force can either attract or repel the
particles on which it acts. Oppositely
charged particles attract each other, while
like particles repel one another. Electrons
are kept in the orbit around the nucleus
by the electromagnetic force, because the
nucleus in the center of the atom is
positively charged and attracts the
negatively charged electrons.
Electromagnetic Force
•Likes-repel
•Opposites-attract
•This force keeps electrons
In orbit
•Acts upon the proton and
Electron.

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
PROTONS PUSH AWAY FROM ONE
ANOTHER BECAUSE OF THE REPELING
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE. A
NUCLEUS CONTAINING TWO OR MORE
PROTONS WOULD FLY APART IF IT
WERE NOT FOR THE STRONG FORCE.
Like ”glue” the strong force keeps the
protons together to form the
nucleus. The strong forces and
electromagnetic forces both hold the
atom together
STRONG FORCE
•Holds protons to the
Neutrons in the nucleus
•Overcomes the
electromagnectic force
•Acts on proton and
neutron
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

THIS FORCE ACTS ON ALL OBJECTS AT
ALL TIMES. THE AMOUNT OF GRAVITY
BETWEEN OBJECTS DEPENDS ON THEIR
MASSES AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
THE OBJECTS. GRAVITY FORCE IS VERY
SMALL WITHIN ATOMS BECAUSE THE
PARTICLES IN ATOMS ARE SO SMALL.
Gravitational Force
Force
that attracts the
atom to the center of the
earth.
Very Small
WEAK FORCE
 Weak
forces are important because
they are responsible for stabilizing
particles through the process of
radioactive decay, in which a
neutron in the nucleus changes into a
proton and an electron.
WEAK FORCE
Causes radioactive
decay
Neutrons deteriorate
(break down into proton
and electron.)

PUT THE 4 FORCES
IN CORRECT ORDER
FROM STRONGEST to
WEAKEST
Strong
Electromagnetic
Weak
Gravitational