Transcript e - Glenelg High School

Basic Chemistry
Mr. Johnson
Nothing cures insomnia more than the
realization that it is time to get up and be
productive!
Drill:
Name:
Date:
Period:
Objective: SWBAT
1. Draw diagrams representing atoms by exploring
their subatomic particles.
Question
1.
Explain metabolism. Give two examples.
2.
Can something be considered “living” if it
doesn’t show all FIVE characteristics of life?
Review!
Atoms are the Basic Structural
Units of Matter
They are the smallest particle
of matter that keeps its
chemical properties.
An element is a substance
made of only one type of
atom
…Like OXYGEN!

All of the ELEMENTS are organized on
the PERIODIC TABLE!
Atomic Structure
Atoms have three parts:
• Protons (+)
• Neutrons (0)
• Electrons (-)
The NUCLEUS
holds the
Protons and
Neutrons
Electrons are in
different
ENERGY
LEVELS/ORBITS
Each can hold only so many
electrons or else the spinning
electrons would crash into each
other!!!
8
8
8
2
Sometimes energy levels can be looked
at as a layer or number orbitals away
from the nucleus’s center
Layer one holds up to 2 electrons
Layer two holds up to 8 electrons
Layer three holds up to 8 electrons
2eAtomic
Nucleus
8e-
8e-
In order for an atom to be stable, the
number of Protons (+) must EQUAL
the number of Electrons (-)
6 Protons
6
Electrons
What is the name
of this element?
An ION has a different # of Protons and Electrons!!
Protons and neutrons
have a mass of 1.
The atomic mass of an atom is the
number of protons + neutrons.
Ex. Carbon has 6 (0) and 6
(+), so atomic mass is 12.
There are also 6 (-), but
they have no atomic mass.
Carbon
12.011=12
C
6
Atomic Mass:
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number=the number of PROTONS (+)
Nitrogen (N) Potassium (K)
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Mass:14
7
Protons:_________
Atomic Number: 19
Atomic Mass:39
19
Protons:_________
7
Neutrons:__________
20
Neutrons:__________
7
Electrons:___________
Electrons:___________
19
Chemical Bonds
Can you name three types of
Chemical Bonding?



Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Bonding is based on the fact that atoms
“WANT” their outer energy level filled!!
Why does nature like the outermost energy level filled?
Atoms are “happy” when
their outermost energy
level holds eight
(unless their outermost
layer is layer oneHydrogen then happy
with 2)
Nitrogen:
Atomic
#=7
-
-
Is this element
Happy or
stable? Why or
Why Not?
-
Outermost
energy level
-
-
Covalent Bonds:
Electrons are
shared !
Why is the molecule to your left
a covalent bond?
H2O: 4 electrons are shared
H
Water
e- e-
H
eee- O eeee- e-
strongest
bond!!
Why is the oxygen the strongest bond?
When charged
sub-atomic
particles are
unequal
{(+) = (-)},
it is called an ion!
Ionic Bonds:
•Electrons are lost or
gained (creating ions).
•Then 2 atoms are
ATTRACTED by opposite
charges.
Na: 11
sodium
Valence electrons
e-
e-
eeee- Na e- eeeee-
11 protons (+) 11 electrons (-)
Figure 1- Na becomes
e-
The outer shell
is fullNa is Happy
+1
Na
ee+11
eNa
-10
ee11+
+1
e- ee- e+1
Na is an ion!
Cl: 17
ee-
e- eee- e- Cl
e-
e-
e-
e- eeeeeeee-
17 protons (+) 17 electrons (-)
Figure 2-Cl becomes
ee-
-1
Cl
+17
eee-18
e-1
eeeCl
eeeeeeee- Cl-1 is an ion!
e-
+1
Na
-1
Cl
The opposite charges attract
each other, an ionic bond
forms making NaCl (salt.)
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Na+1
OH-1
= NaOH
The opposite charges attract
each other, an ionic bond
forms making NaOH or sodium
hydroxide.
When neutron # is different than proton #
{(0) = (+)}, is an isotope.
/
Isotopes occur constantly around us.
Where can we see them?
Can these stable isotopes be
seen?