Transcript Introduction to Atoms & Bonding

Introduction to Atoms &
Bonding
Atoms
• The smallest particle unique to given
element; it has one or more subatomic
particles
• Subatomic Particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
Positive
neutral
negative
Mass
1
1
0
Location
nucleus
nucleus
orbiting
Subatomic Particles
• Protons =
the Atomic Number
• Neutrons =
the Atomic Mass (rounded) minus the Atomic
Number
• Electrons =
the same as the number of Protons (unless
otherwise told)
Bohr Diagrams
• Represent the Nucleus
Write the number of protons and neutrons
• Represent the Electron Orbits
First Orbit = holds up to 2 electrons
Second Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons
Third Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons
Fourth Orbit = at least 8 electrons
Lewis Dot Diagrams
• Write the Atomic Symbol
• Represent only the Outer Electrons with
Dots around the Atomic Symbol
Bonding
• Atoms bond in order to become stable
1) Electrically
equal number of protons and
electrons
2) Structurally
full outer orbit of electrons
Ionic Bonding
• Type of chemical bond in which atoms
transfer electrons (one gains and one
loses). During the transfer each atom
become an ion (a charged atom).
Covalent Bonding
• Type of chemical bond in which atoms
share electrons.