Transcript Atomic Structure and Periodicity

Review
Consider atoms of the following
elements. Assume that the atoms are in
the ground state.
S
Ca
Ga
Sb
Br
The atom that contains exactly two unpaired
electrons?
The atom that contains only one electron in
the highest occupied energy sublevel?
i. 1s2 2s22p5 3s23p5
ii. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6
iii. 1s2 2s22p62d10 3s23p6
iv. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d5
v. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d3 4s2
An impossible electronic configuration
The ground-state configuration for the
atoms of a transition element
 The ground-state configuration of a
negative ion of a halogen
 The ground-state configuration of a
common ion of an alkaline earth element
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
1s ___2s ↑
1s ↓↑ 2s ↓↑
1s ↓↑ 2s ↓↑ 2p ↑ ↑
1s ↓↑ 2s ↓↑ 2p ↓↑ ↓↑ ↓↑
[Ar] 4s ↓↑ 3d ↓↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Represents an atom that is chemically
unreactive
Represents an atom in an excited state
Represents an atom that has four valence
electrons
F
S
Mg
Ar
Mn
Forms monatomic ions with 2¯ charge
in solutions
Forms a compound having the formula
KXO4
Forms oxides that are common air
pollutants and that yield acidic solution
in water
O
La
Rb
Mg
N
What is the most electronegative
element of the above?
Which element exhibits the greatest
number of different oxidation states?
Which of the elements above has
the smallest ionic radius for its most
commonly found ion?
Activation energy Free energy
Ionization energy Kinetic energy
Lattice energy
The energy required to convert a
ground-state atom in the gas phase to a
gaseous positive ion
The energy change that occurs in the
conversion of an ionic solid to widely
separated gaseous ions
Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?
Atomic
Atomic
Number
Mass Number
I.
6
14
II.
7
14
I.
II.
6
14
7
14
I.
II.
6
14
14
28
I.
II.
7
7
13
14
I.
II.
8
16
16
20
Gaseous atoms of which of
the elements above are
paramagnetic?
What is one possible set of four
quantum numbers for one of
the outermost electrons in a
strontium atom in the ground
state
What conclusion can be drawn
from J. J. Thomson's cathode ray
experiments?
What is a correct interpretation of
the results of Rutherford's
experiments in which gold atoms
were bombarded with alpha
particles?
Describe three species of
atoms/ions that are isoelectronic
What properties generally
decreases across the periodic table
from sodium to chlorine?
The effective nuclear charge
experienced by the outermost
electron of Na is different
than the effective nuclear
charge experienced by the
outermost electron of Ne. This
difference best accounts for…