Transcript Enhancing PDS Performance and Effectiveness in Orissa

Strategy to Address Distress Migration
and Climate Change
16th- 18th July 2013
Nabaghan Ojha, India
Odisha Modernizing Economy, Governance and Administration
Programme (OMEGA)
A DFID UK and Government of Odisha Partnership Programme
OMEGA Programme
A Government of Orissa and DFID Initiative
Ensure climate resilient
works at the ground
More access of rural
communities to
employment programme
Greater economic
opportunities for
people
Sustainable
reduction of
poverty
Objectives
of the
programme
Climatic disorders in India
Biggest disaster in
Uttarakhand
ODISHA
Climatic Disasters from 1980 – 2010-An Overview
 India, due to its physiogeographic conditions,
is one of the most
disaster prone countries
in the world, exposed to
different kinds of natural
hazards.
 The Orissa Super
Cyclone (1999) claimed
thousands and
thousands of human
lives devastating
agricultural crops and
rendering lakhs and
lakhs of people
homeless.
No of events
431
No of people killed:
143,039
Average killed per year:
4,614
No of people affected:
1,521,726,127
Average affected per
49,087,940
year:
Economic Damage (US$ 48,063,830
X 1,000):
Economic Damage per
1,550,446
year (US$ X 1,000):
Source: Disaster Prevention Web [32]
Impact of climate change??
 About 700 million Indians living in rural areas directly depend on
climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, forests and fisheries and natural
resources such as water, biodiversity, mangroves, coastal zones etc.
 The Indian Government's National Communications (NATCOM) report
identifies the following as the impacts of climate change most likely to
affect India between now and 2100:
 Decreased snow cover will affect snow-fed and glacial systems
 Erratic monsoons will affect India’s rainfed agriculture, peninsular
rivers, water and power supply,
 Wheat production will drop by 4-5 million tonnes, even with a rise in
temperature of only 1ºC.
 Floods will increase in frequency and intensity. This will heighten the
vulnerability of people in the country's coastal, arid and semi-arid
zones.
 Over 50% of India’s forests are likely to experience shift in forest types,
adversely impacting associated biodiversity, regional climate
dynamics and livelihoods based on forest products
Migration: one of the coping strategies
 About 0.2 million people migrate from Western
Odisha to Andhra Pradesh alone to work in brick
kilns (UNDP paper “Migration and Human
Development’ 2009)
MGNREGA
“A Landmark Legislation towards National
Livelihoods Safety Net”
• Largest employment programme in human history
• At least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to
every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual
work .
• Creation of durable assets by management of natural resources.
• Prevention of distress migration.
Key provisions of MGNREGS
Nature of works
 Water Conservation and water harvesting related works;
 Drought Proofing including plantation and afforestation;
 Irrigation canals including micro and minor irrigation works;
 Provision of irrigation facility, dug out farm pond, horticulture,
plantation, farm bunding and land development;
 Renovation of traditional water bodies including desilting of
tanks;
 Land Development;
Wage payment
 Rs 143 (about 3 USD) per day for unskilled work per labour
within 15 days of work (In Odisha)
The pilot
 2100 families prone to distress
migration
Quick assessment
 Massive deforestation
destroying the livelihoods of
the local people
 Small land holdings/ rainfed
agriculture;
 droughts; indebtedness;
 lack of employment during
lean season;
 lack of social security/food
security;
 depletion of natural resource
base.
Migration trend
800
737
700
600
558
593
500
400
300
200
Month of migration
166
151
113
100
0
Month of return
344
337
9
27
7
26
4
1
2
7
5
29
27
56
47
5
4
Source: Study done in 2012 by Aide et Action for ILO
8
The Strategy- for assured employment
The strategy- How to assure??
Assured employment
Open more works
Choice of livelihood
Timely payment
Timely employment
Climate resilient assets
Pilot results
 Increased access of
migrant families to
MGNREGS.
 Average persondays
increased significantly.
 More number of HHs
completed 100 days of
works.
 About 50 per cent of
families retained.
Key learning
 When there are choices of livelihoods people don’t
migrate.
 Land development and water related works
contribute directly and/or indirectly to increasing
crop production as well as reducing the risk of crop
failure.
 The works created have the potential to generate
environmental benefits such as
 ground water recharge,
 soil, water and biodiversity conservation,
 Sustaining food production,
 halting land degradation and building resilience to
current climate risks such as moisture stress, delayed
rainfall, droughts and floods.
The future
 State government
decided to provide
150 days of
employment in a year
(additional 50 days).
 Government scaled
up the project in entire
Western Odisha.
 More focus on
creation of climate
resilient works.
Thank You
Discussions
[email protected]