Transcript Combatting Climate Change and Energy Crisis

Combatting Climate Change
and Energy Crisis
Pradeep K. Srivastava
Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
CENTRAL DRUG RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Lucknow-226001, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.scientoon.com
SCIENTOON
Professor Frank Fenner
Emeritus professor of
microbiology at the
Australian National
University, Australia
has predicted that the human race
will be extinct within the next 100
years. He has claimed that the
human race will be unable to
survive a population explosion and
'unbridled consumption.’ Fenner
(scientist who helped eradicate
smallpox) further said that 'A lot of
other animals will too become
extinct.'
'It's an irreversible situation. I think it's
too late. I try not to express that because
people are trying to do something, but
they keep putting it off.’
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1287643/Human-raceextinct-100-years-population-explosion.html
Cartoon idea: Courtesy: Prof. G.S. Randhawa,
IIT, Roorkee, India
“I thank you all for participating in the funeral
journey. It is our sacred duty to carry the dead
body of the last human being to the graveyard.
Friends, now we all have to take care of the planet
earth.”
SINGAPORE
ORIGIN OF SCIENTOONS
On 26th May 1988 while delivering a lecture entitled "Development of Drugs and
Pharmaceutical Industry In Developing Countries“ in a conference held at National
University of Singapore, Singapore, few science cartoons were used in order to make the lecture
more informative, interesting and impactful. SCIENTOONS, a new name was coined and
announced for such novel science cartoons.
SCIENTOONICS is a new branch of science that deals with
effective science communication, using a novel class of science
cartoons called scientoons.
-Pradeep K. Srivastava
African Science Communication Conference (ASCC)
Dr. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
Port Elizabeth, South Africa
December 5, 2006
Biodiversity
Nearly two-thirds of the
110 species of harlequin
frogs in Central and South
America
have
disappeared since 1980.
The fact that adult frogs have
been dying in large numbers
suggests that disease may be
to blame.
Now,
Pounds
and
colleagues have shown that
a fungus that lives on frog
skin together with changes
in local weather conditions
linked to global climate
change are behind the
extinctions.
Reference: Nature 439,
16 January (2006)
“I can understand your worry my son! But our
shastras have always said that “Aaya hai so
jayega………”
SCIENTOON
The term GREEN
HOUSE
EFFECT
was given by a
Swedish
scientist
Swante Arrhenius in
the year 1896.
The name has come
from the Glass House
inside which plants
are
grown
in
controlled conditions
and the gases absorb
the heat of the Sun
making inside warm.
“I don’t understand that how this GREEN HOUSE
EFFECT is going to cause Global Warming? Look! I
have painted my entire house in green but I don’t
find it warm at all.”
SCIENTOON
Do you know that a tree
with a life span of 50 years
gives us?
1.Oxygen equivalent to Rs. 5.5
lacs.
2.Pollution control
Rs. 10.5 lacs.
contribution:
3.Soil erosion check
fertility Rs. 6.5 lacs.
and
soil
4.Shelter for birds, animals etc. Rs.
5.3 lacs.
5.Fruits, flowers, wood,
paper etc. Rs. 4.2 lacs.
seeds,
Total contribution Rs. “Vrichha Devta!
really great!”
32 Lakhs
Courtesy: Regional Science City, Lucknow
You
are
SCIENTOON
PANCHVATI
A group of five shady trees is
called Panchavati.
Skand Puran:
Five
trees
are
Peepal (east), Aonla
(South),
Bargad
(West),
Ashok
(South East) and
Bel
(North).
Distance
among
these trees should
be minimum 10
meters.
“Its very urgent! You immediately send a
camera team. I got as person who has seen a
real PEEPAL TREE.”
CLIMATE CHANGE
Nearly 60 per cent of the
world’s remaining reefs are at
significant risk of being lost in
the next three decades.
The major causes of coral
reef decline are coastal
development, sedimentation,
destructive fishing practices,
pollution, tourism and global
warming.
Climate change threatens to
destroy the majority of the
world’s coral reefs, as well as
wreak havoc on the fragile
economies of Small Island
Developing States.
“You all scientists have no brains. Look! It is clear
now that these green house effect is responsible
for causing global warming. OK. Demolish all the
houses which are green in colour at once”
SCIENTOON
More
than
1000,000,000
(I billion) trees
are cut every year
in the world for
making Disposable
diapers.
Diapers are health
hazards as they
don’t degrade for
years.
“He looks like the first environmentally
conscious baby in the word. Look! He
started crying the moment he saw a diaper.”
GREEN AREAS in
urban settlements
serve many other
purposes. URBAN
FORESTS produce
oxygen and absorb
carbon
dioxide,
thus enhancing air
quality.
They provide storm
water control and
provide a home for
urban wildlife.
“No, No! Sir Never!. Reject it right now. Look
this green ridge means forest, then animals,
then tigers, so poaching and killing of tigers.
What you will answer when census of tiger
will say NO TIGER LEFT.”
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND RICH BIODIVERSITY OF ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION: WORST
VICTIM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
EXTINCTION OF SPECIES
Vultures are scavenging birds,
feeding mostly on the carcasses of
dead animals. Vultures are found
on
every
continent
except
Antarctica and Oceania.
Bombay Natural History Society
has said. According to the BNHS,
99 per cent population of the
bird has declined at the rate of
around 50 per cent every year.
"At present there are only 11,000
vultures remaining in India. If it
continues to decline at this rate,
then only around 6,000 vultures
will be left and finally they may
become extinct," Dr. Arshad
“No! No. As a Mayor of the city We are and will ever
PRADEEP K. SRIVASTAVA
Rehmani, director of BNHS, said.
to youDivision
for your services to us through out your
Medicinal&grateful
Process Chemistry
CENTRAL life,
DRUG but
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
(2008)
since
you were not in the regular job of Nagar
Lucknow-226001,
Indiawe can
Nigam, hence
E-mail: [email protected]
not give you pensionery benefits.”
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND RICH BIODIVERSITY OF ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION: WORST
VICTIM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
EXTINCTION OF SPECIES
One tagged vulture has
been tracked nearly 5,000
kilometers
away
in
Mongolia. Ailing and dead
vultures have also been found
in neighboring Nepal and
Pakistan, and there is concern
that the avian disease could
spread to other continents
where these scavenging birds
play a major role in the
ecological system.
In African countries, for
instance,
communities
depend on vultures to
dispose of animal carcasses,
as no carrion removal
system exists.
“Oh yes. I travel now a days by flight only.
Actually at old age you can not take risk of flying
alone for such a long distance that too no one is
there of your own, to help you.”
LaCONES, Hyderabad
Biodiversity
By the year 2050,
60,000 species of
plants will have
become extinct
According
to
Beachy, (1992) 40%
of the rainforests
had been destroyed
between 1940 and
1980
with
an
extinction rate of
about 50 species per “You are mistaken Sir. Our Ministry does not
deal with foreign visits and passports related
given day.
matters.”
CLIMATE CHANGE
40% of the world’s
population
lives
within 60 kilometres
of a coast. Threequarter
of
the
world’s megacities
are by the sea.
By 2010, 80 % of
people will live
within
100
kilometres of the
coast.
“What? you are fed up with water and noise
pollution? This is nothing my son. Think of
2010 when the same will be just doubled.”
CLIMATE CHANGE
The 11,000 Tuvaluans live
on nine coral atolls totaling 10
square miles scattered over
500,000 square miles of ocean
south of the equator and west
of
the
International
Dateline.
Tuvalu is the
smallest,
except
for
the
Vatican.
Tuvalu has no
industry, burns little petroleum,
and creates less carbon
pollution than a small town in
America.
This tiny place
nevertheless is on the front line
of climate change.
The
increasing intensity of tropical
weather, the increase in ocean
temperatures, and rising sea
level -- all documented results
of a warming atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Tuvaluans face the
possibility of being
among
the
first
climate refugees,
although they never
use that term. Former
assistant
Environmental minister
and
now
assistant
secretary for Foreign
Affairs Paani Laupepa
said
he
felt
threatened. "Our whole
culture will have to be
transplanted."
CLIMATE CHANGE
Sea level rise is the greatest
problem. Tuvalu's highest
elevation is 4.6 meters -15 feet -- but most of it is no
more than a meter above the
sea. Several times each year
the regular lunar cycle of tides,
riding on the ever higher mean
sea level, brings the Pacific
sloshing over onto roads and
into neighborhoods.
In the
center of the larger islands the
sea floods out of old barrow
pits and even squirts up out of
the coral bedrock. Puddles
bubble up that eventually cover
part of the airport on the main
island of Funafuti and inundate
homes that are not along the
ocean.
Energy Conservation: Light
The answer is yes: LEARN FROM OUR HERITAGE.
Energy Conservation: Light
Hong Kong, International Airport
Can we the people of Lucknow and Uttar
Pradesh make a change?
The answer is Eco friendly transport systems like Metro
rail, Mono rail etc.
Can we the people of Lucknow and
Uttar Pradesh make a change?
The answer is SOLAR POWER THERMAL PLANTS.
Can we the people of Lucknow and
Uttar Pradesh make a change?
Think of Designing SOLAR POWERED
OFFICES and HOUSES.
Can we the people of Lucknow and
Uttar Pradesh make a change?
Use WIND ENERGY.
SCIENTOON
Keeping right air in
the tyres, saves a
lot of money and
reduces pollution.
If all the cars in
America keep right
air in their tyres
then
1
Crore
barrels of oil can
be saved every
year.
Sir! Don’t give me even 25 paise but but I
am telling you for your benefit. Put correct
air in your tires.
2 Billion people belonging to 60 countries of the world
are dying for water. By the year 2050 the figure may go
up to 7 billion.
“For the last three generations, our family was very scientific in
managing the water problem but what can I do when there is no
water left?”
“Hey Lord Shiva! Can’t you recognize me?
I am your Ganga! This pollution is totally
unbearable now. Kindly call me back to
Swarg or give me some space in your
hairs.”
“No way! I will never enter in this highly
polluted dirty and filthy Yamuna to kill
Kalia and get the ball. Friends! If you want
the ball, take Rs. 25 from me and buy a
new one from the market.”
Our old tradition of using
earthen pots like Ghada,
Surahai is vanishing fast.
Can’t we think of these
ecofriendly, green and
clean concepts once
again?
The water kept in them is
naturally cold and is
never harmful for you,
contrast to refrigerator
water.
This will also provide jobs
to many people who
make these items.
“I liked the water, it was very sweet, cold
and tasty. But how do you cool it. Where
did you install compressor, thermostat
and regulator in this. Can you show me
please.”
Mazar of famous saint
Saleemuddin Chishti in
Fateh Pur Sikri (Agra) has got
a
unique
rain
water
conservation system. The
rain water on top of the mazar
which is made up of white
marble, was collected through
hollow pillars and then stored
in a covered water tank
80X80X80 feet. This water
was
used
for
drinking
purpose in the fort.
This is an ideal example of
Roof
Top
Rain
Water
harvesting system in our
country.
Huzoor Akbar khud tashrif layen hai.
Vo appka shukriya ada kar rahen ki
aapne unhe ek beta Saleem diya. Par
age aapse gujarish kar rahen hai ki
pani bhi den taki sab jinda rah saken.”
NANOSCIENTOONS
NANO CLOTHES
The technology is fairly straightforward
for textile mills to adopt. The chemical
formulation changes the fabric on a
molecular level with nano-enhanced
fibers. These "nano hairs" prevent stains
in your clothing by not allowing grape
juice or mud or French fry grease to soak
into the fabric.
Nano-Tex reports growing sales and
looks forward to further enhancements
that will make its technologies more
coveted by clothiers. Unfortunately,
because it's a private company, we don't
have any SEC reports to verify sales
claims. But Nano-Tex is looking to create
greater mindshare -- to get people
thinking about these nano-hairs -- by
introducing a new hangtag to increase
brand recognition.
Think of it as the "Intel Inside" of the
garment
industry.
Additionally,
agreements with mills in the United
States, Europe, and Asia indicate a
robust marketing and licensing effort.
“You are traveling in these SAME clothes for
the last six months. Oh no, my God! Darling I
am extremely sorry. I forgot to tell you that
these are not nano clothes but ordinary one.”
NANOSCIENTOONS
NANOLUX - MORE LIGHT
WITH LESS ENERGY
Lighting alone accounts for about
8% of total energy consumption in
Germany. The development of
energy-saving lighting is therefore
particularly important. Traditional
light bulbs have an efficiency of
only 5%. However, their light is
similar to the light of the sun, which
we perceive as pleasant.
Modern low-energy bulbs have good
efficiency, but at the same time their
light is unpleasant for human eyes
and they have a large-volume form.
The light yield of semiconductors
can now be increased drastically
by using nanotechnology. Light
is to be produced efficiently and
in a pleasant colour from
semiconductor material - similar
to computer chips.
“What is new in this? I remember I
used to take bath with Lux even when I
was a kid”.
NANOSCIENTOONS
NANOBATTERIES OF THE
FUTURE
Researchers
have
trapped
metallic
lithium
inside
carbonaceous
nanostructures1.
Such trapped lithium in carbon
nanostructures could help make
rechargeable nanobattery for next
generation communication and
remote sensing devices.
In search of a better rechargeable
battery, the researchers first
produced a lithium precursor
complex with dark violet colour
slowly giving rise to gel-like mass.
In
the
presence
of
dichloromethane,
the
gel-like
mass decomposed to bimetallic
complex containing both lithium
and cobalt. Then using this
bimetallic complex, they grew thin
films in the absence of any
reactive gas.
“What my wife is calling and angry that I am
not responding? Tell her that I am using the
mobile battery for driving the car.”
NANOSCIENTOONS
AIR TRAVEL
Consider, for example, the difference
between a bird and an airplane. Both fly.
Yet the image of a 747 going feral,
swooping out of the sky to clutch an
unsuspecting horse in its landing gear,
seems incongruous. Machines lack the
wonderful adaptability of living systems.
A 747 requires Jet A fuel, a refined
source of energy that is delivered to it by
an elaborate system that includes oil
fields, pumps, tankers, refineries, fuel
lines, and trucks. It can convert this
artificially refined fuel into energy using
engines that can run on little else. Cut off
from refined fuel, airstrips, maintenance
crews, spare parts, navigational systems
and all the other paraphernalia that keeps
it flying and a 747 is just a large piece of
scrap metal. A bird, in contrast, can live
on berries, seeds, worms, insects, small
rodents, fish and bits of bread tossed to it
by amused tourists.
“Earlier I was supplying these items to
zoo for the animals, now I get more
profit, because this is for the latest
Boeing 747 aircraft.
“Aakhir Kisi ne to
ki hamari kadar!”
“Arre nahin! nahin! Yeh paise rakho yar! Hum to
tumhare Paryavaran Prem par fida ho gaye.”
Solar Powered Fridge
Miss Emily Cummins
(21)
UK
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND RICH BIODIVERSITY OF ASIA AND
PACIFIC REGION: WORST VICTIM OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION
The huge and increasing
population
is
putting
enormous pressure on the
unique natural resources of
the region.
Forests are being cut down
for timber, plantations,
agriculture,
roads
and
urban development; its
fresh water and seas are
being polluted and over
fished - in the sea
destructive methods such as
cyanide
fishing
andPRADEEP
K. SRIVASTAVA
“Come
on darling! Don’t waste time.
Medicinal& Process Chemistry Division
explosives are being usedCENTRAL
to DRUG
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
It has
nothing
to do with us.”
Lucknow-226001, India
catch fish.
E-mail: [email protected]
SCIENTOON
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
is the biggest industrial
disaster in the world. It
killed
4000
people,
paralyzed 30,000 people
and affected 40,000 more.
The accident was caused
by the leakage of MIC gas
in the Insecticide producing
factory run by Union
Carbide of India Ltd. in
Bhopal.
Unfortunately
not
even
a
single
person
was
convicted in this
case.
“Come on ! Don’t’ worry! Look! When living
people of this country could not do any
harm to us, what these dead will do?.”
CLIMATE CHANGE
The only hope left for us is the most wonderful,
unique and nature’s best machine called TREE. Plant
as many trees as you can which will make this planet
a cooler and a place worth living.
Worlds Greenest and Happiest
country: Costa Rica
PRADEEP K. SRIVASTAVA
Medicinal& Process Chemistry Division
CENTRAL DRUG RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Lucknow-226001, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Thank you So
much!
www.scientoon.com