Transcript H I s t o l o g Y

Layers of the Cardiac Wall
Cell types

Cardiomyocytes

Pacemaker cells
Cell Sources
• Stem cells
– Embryonic
– Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal
– Cord-derived mesenchymal
• Primary cells (main successes so far1)
– Chondrocytes (cartilage)
– Skin cells
– Heart cells
1. Howard, D. et. al. “Tissue engineering: strategies, stem cells and scaffolds,” J. Anat. Jul 2008; 213(1):66-72.
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
• Scaffold – an artificial structure capable of
supporting 3 dimensional tissue formation
(e.g. Collagen and some polyesters)
Purposes of Scaffolds
– Allow Cell attachment and migration
– Deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors
– Enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients and
expressed products
– Exert certain mechanical and biological influences
to modify the behavior of cell phase
Requirements of Scaffolds
• High porosity and adequate pore size for cell
diffusion
• Biodegradability because scaffolds should be
absorbed by the surrounding tissues
The study of the morphology, architecture, and
composition of tissues
The process of using antibodies to stain/identify
different tissue components
1. Fixing (kill in
Paraformaldehyde)
3. Sectioning (slice it up
thinly!)
5. Stain (with
flourescence)
DAPI - nucleii
2. Embedding
(in paraffin wax)
4. Mount (with glass slide
+ coverslip)
Search for Specific Antigens with:
• 1. Specific Primary Antibodies
• 2. Secondary Antibodies with a fluorescent tag