Transcript 140 Microbiology

140 Microbiology
Introduction 2
Lecture 2
6-9-2015
Scope of Microbiology:
•Microbiology has an impact on medicine, agriculture,
food science, ecology, genetics, biochemistry,
immunology, and many other fields.
•Medical Microbiology:
Deals with diseases of humans and animals; identify
and how to eliminate agents causing infectious
diseases.
•Agricultural Microbiology:
Impact of microorganisms on agriculture; combat
plant diseases that attack important food crops.
Food and Dairy Microbiology:
Prevent microbial spoilage of food & transmission of
food-borne diseases (e.g. salmonellosis); use
microorganisms to make food such as cheeses, yogurts,
pickles, beer, etc.
Industrial Microbiology:
Using microorganisms to make products such as
antibiotics, vaccines, steroids, alcohols & other
solvents, vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, etc.
Genetic Engineering:
Engineered microorganisms used to make
hormones, antibiotics, vaccines and other
products.
Taxonomy of microorganisms
Taxonomic categories
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Life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification of microorganism
The Domain system was developed by Dr. Woese. The basis of
the Domain system is the rRNA sequence information.
This classification depends on dividing the living
Organisms into 3 Domains (1978 Carl Woese)
• 1. Bacteria
• Unicellular prokaryotes with cell wall
containing peptidoglycan
• 2. Archaea
• Unicellular prokaryotes with no
peptodoglycan in cell wall
• 3. Eukarya
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
Domain: Archaea
•Prokaryotic
•Lack peptidoglycan
•Often live in extreme environments
•Not known to cause disease in humans or animals
•Had been considered bacteria until examination of
their unique rRNA sequences.
-Includes:
– Methanogens
– Extreme halophiles
– Extreme thermophiles
Size of microorganisms
To Study microorganism
1- Microscope, simple microscope, compound
microscope, EM
2- Centrifugation
3- Filtration: Membrane filter, Chamberland filter,
Berkefeld filter.
4- Staining: simple stain, complex stain
Microscope
‫صبغ الكائنات الدقيقة‬
‫أنواع الصبغ‬
Complex Stain
‫التفريقي‬
Differential Stain
‫صبغة جرام‬
Gram Stain
‫الصبغ المقاوم لألحماض‬
Acid-Fast Stain
Simple Stain
‫صبغ التراكيب‬
‫الخاصة‬
Special Stain
Capsule Stain
Endospore Stain
(Schaeffer-Fulton
endospore Stain)
Flagella Stain
Crystal violet
Methylene Blue
Malachite green
Safranin