Transcript presentaion to mine and industry forum usmbara lodge26-05

PRESENTATION
TITLE
Water as a scarce
resource and the
future of our water provisioning
Presented by:
Name Surname
Directorate
Presented by: Tendayi Makombe
Date
Engineer ( Water Resource Planning)
email [email protected]
Chief Directorate: Integrated Water Resource
Planning
Venue: Usambara Lodge
Date 26 May 2016
Water Resource Planning :
Framework
Population perspective
• 52 million people (2013)
• 14,5 million Households
• Living in formal cities, traditional villages and
informal settlements
• 62% urban and 38% rural
• Major social challenges (poverty, equity and job
creation)
South Africa: Water Scarce Country
•
•
•
•
Water a scarce and strategic resource
Spatial and temporal challenges
Fresh water @ its limit
Mean annual rainfall
– South Africa = 500mm (World = 860mm)
– 65% of SA < 500mm
– 21% of SA < 200mm
• Severe and prolonged droughts – 10 years
– 25% - drained by perennial rivers (seasonal)
– 75% - drained by seasonal to episodic rivers (event related).
Current water resources mix
At 98% assurance level of supply, SA’s water is
constituted as follows:
–
–
–
–
77% surface resources
9% ground water
14% return flows
Desalination < 1%
INTEGRATED WATER PLANNING PRIMARY FOCUS
• Ensure water security for the country
• Development of strategies to reconcile water
requirements with water availability
• Identifying and evaluating management options/projects
to meet current and future water requirements
• Evaluating strategic water resources challenges including
water quality related issues (eg acid mine drainage),
developing appropriate operating rules for water supply
systems, developing appropriate tools and decisions
support systems, groundwater planning etc
• Developing resource orientated policies, strategies,
programs and assessment tools
• Assess linkages between Climate Change and Water
and plan associated actions
• Mainstream Water Use Efficiency Programs
PLANNING FOR
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•
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Basic human needs
Environmental needs
Energy needs
Growth and Development
Ensuring equitable availability and
allocation
Integrated Water Resource Planning is informed by:
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•
•
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•
•
•
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Legislation
National Development Plan
National Spatial Development Perspective
National Water Resource Strategy
Internal Strategic Perspectives /Catchment Management
Strategies
National Priorities/ President’s State of the Nation’s Address
Minister’s priorities
Interaction with Provinces (PGDSs) and municipalities (WSDPs)
Provincial and National Water Summits
Interaction with bulk water users – Municipalities, Water
Boards, big industries (such as Sasol, Eskom, Mining Sector
etc), agriculture
International Obligations
WATER RESOURCES
National Rainfall and Evaporation
12 of 19 WMA
require
intervention
Water Management Areas and Main Water Transfers
International Context
• Four of our main rivers are shared with 6 neighboring
countries.
• International basins cover 60 % of SA land area.
• Contribute 45% of country's total river flow.
• These areas support ± 70% of gross domestic product and
similar proportion of population.
• Several international inter-catchment transfers and intercountry systems have been introduced (including Lesotho
Highlands Water Project).
• International liaison and Partnerships
• Neighboring States & SADC
• AFRICA (AMCOW)
• Global
Water Resource Stressed Towns
18
Water Requirements
Water requirements are influenced by:
– Population, living standards and economic activity
– Mining, power generation, large industries
– Irrigation and afforestation
– Water for redressing inequities, imbalances of the past and
for poverty eradication
To address water requirements brought about by deficits
shown above, DWS continuously develop appropriate
strategies and plans taking into consideration the full
water value chain
Water Use per economic sector
Afforestation
60%
Agriculture:
irrigation
3%
Municipal
27% Urban = 24%
Rural = 3%
Agriculture:
Stock water/
Nature
conservation
2.5%
3%
2.5%
Mining
2%
Industry
Power
generation
Water Supply-Chain: Source-to-Tap-to-Source”
21
Water Quality
• Essential that water be of appropriate quality for
intended uses
• Deteriorating water quality potential major threat in SA
– can render water unfit for use
• Main sources of impact on water quality are:
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–
–
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discharge of urban and industrial effluent to rivers
high salinity irrigation return flows
wash-off and leachate from mining operations
wash-off from areas with insufficient sanitation
• Water quality fundamental element to water resource
management
Water Quality Planning Initiatives
• Integrated water quality management strategy for the Vaal River
system(done)
• Feasibility study for a long-term solution to address acid mine
drainage (AMD) in the Witwatersrand Gold Fields area (done)
• Development of an integrated water quality management strategy
for the Thukela River system (new)
•
Development of an integrated water quality management strategy
for the Olifants River system (new)
• Feasibility study for a long-term solution to address acid mine
drainage in the Highveld Coal Fields area (new)
•
Strategic Water Partners Network (SWPN) initiative to deal with
AMD in the Upper Olifants River on track
Disaster Management and Climate Change
• South Africa is prone to various potential water related
disasters, including droughts, floods, water related
health risks, pollution and ecosystems impacts
• All these will be aggravated by potential climate
change effects
• climate change adaptation strategy has been
prepared for the water sector – to be subjected to a
consultation process
• Contributions are made towards SA’s negotiation
position on water and climate change aspects at
international level.
Climate Change Response Strategy for the Water Sector
• A Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Water Sector guides
the sector in its response to climate change impacts
• It proposes strategic actions that are intended to build
resilience and reduce vulnerability to the water related
impacts of climate change
• It also allocates responsibilities internally within DWS and
externally in the water resources sector.
• It highlights the critical role that water management and
water services institutions play regarding issues such as the
protection of vulnerable groups in relation to access to water
through the implementation of appropriate systems and
infrastructure.
Drought Management Status in Various Water Supply Systems
• Most systems can supply their users without a necessity
of restrictions in the Orange, Vaal, Western Cape
,Crocodile West River system and Amatole sytem (EC)
• 35% Restrictions are required for the Middle South Coast
Dams in the Umngeni System, supplying areas within Ugu
District Municipality
• 15-20% restrictions are required for the Bloemfontein
Water Supply Systems
• 55% restrictions (domestic use) exist in Koster Dam
within Kgethleng rivier Local Municipal supply area due
to the deficit in the system yield
SCENARIO PLANNING
Assumptions and principles (1)
• Water absolutely essential for growth and
development
• Need for water must be anticipated and supply
available when it is required
• Planning is thus pro-actively re-active
• Uncertainties
– Future requirements
– Future availability of water
Assumptions and principles (2)
• Planning based on high future requirement
scenarios
– Final implementation could be delayed if necessary
– Very difficult to bring forward
• Reduction in availability due to normal
fluctuations in climate, but also due to climate
change
• Monitoring and adjustment is crucial
29
Diversify the water mix to s-t-r-e-t-c-h the resource
To make sufficient water of an appropriate quality available for the socio-economic
needs of the country, while still ensuring that the health of aquatic ecosystems is
protected, all of the following water resources together with the benefits of
WCWDM, must be harnessed effectively, particularly in already highly stressed
catchments:
Development of surface water resources and transfer of water:
• DWA is overseeing implementation of 151 water resource development
projects, including projects carried out by TCTA & water boards.
• Underinvestment in water resource infrastructure, including underinvestment
by municipalities in wastewater treatment works, is continuing cause for
concern.
• Most large water infrastructure projects are supportive of the Strategic
Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) implemented under leadership of the PICC.
Diversifying the mix ….
Acid mine drainage:
• While the pollution from AMD is a significant problem, the potential increase in
water availability from treated AMD offers opportunities for making additional
water available to supplement traditional water resources
• DW&S is currently investing in the treatment of AMD emanating from various
aquifers in the Vaal River Catchment and the opportunities for doing the same
for drainage from coal mines in the Witbank area and in the Olifants River
Catchment, all of which is intended for re-use.
Water harvesting:
• While this is intended for irrigation of food gardens to improve food sufficiency
& for other productive water uses, this water may also be used for domestic
purposes where communities do not have a reliable source of potable water.
Importation of water-intensive goods:
• A study of the potential for crop production in neighbouring countries which
shows that, in terms of physical production factors such as soils and climate,
the potential is high, has been completed.
Groundwater development and management
• Groundwater is a primary source of reliable, safe drinking water
supplies in rural areas & many towns.
• Also for irrigation, mines and industries
• Artificial recharge is growing in importance
• Groundwater is often not recognised as a valuable resource by land-use
planners & municipalities, resulting in poor coordination between groundwater
development & use of land for human settlements and other purposes
Water re-use
• Public perceptions & opinions vary on the topic of water re-use, specifically as it
relates to direct potable water re-use.
• Public perceptions are strongly informed by the general awareness of poor o &
m and performance of municipal WWTW
• Poses a significant challenge to building public acceptance of direct water re-use
• Performance of municipal wastewater and effluent treatment plants nationwide
will have to be improved to meet high standards, resulting in consistently good
quality discharges to the environment before direct water re-use can be placed
on the national water supply agenda.
Desalination of seawater
• Implementation can render return flows, treated effluents & brackish
groundwater fit for use by a wide range of water users.
• Technologies typically do not only remove salts from water, but also a spectrum
of other pollutants such as metals, nutrients and organics.
• Major cities & smaller towns located along the coast may also require
desalinated sea water to meet their future water supply needs.
Cost of future supplies (URV)
Type
Surface and groundwater (short transfer)
Re-use
Surface (large quantity, long transfer)
Surface (small quantity, long transfer)
Mine water treatment and desalination
Seawater desalination (at coast)
Seawater desalination (large, long transfer)
Seawater desalination (small, long transfer)
R/m3
2-4
8
6 - 17
18 - 45
8
12
25
44
NSDP: Key demand centres
Reconciliation Strategy “in a nutshell”
Demand side
intervention
Supply side
intervention
Supply
Supply
Demand
Demand
Supply
Demand
Demand
Supply
37
Reconciliation Strategies Development Progress
Implementation
Maintenance Phase
Development status
Reconciliation Strategy
1. Western Cape
2. Amatole system
3. Vaal River system
4. Crocodile (West) system
5. KZN Coastal Metropolitan
areas
6. Algoa system
7. Bloemfontein area
8. Olifants system
9. Luvuvhu-Letaba system
10. Orange River system
11. Mbombela area
12. Richards Bay area
13. Limpopo Water Management
Area North
Started
Completed
2005
2007
2007 and ongoing
2006
2008
2009 and ongoing
2005
2009
2009 and ongoing
2006
2008
2009 and ongoing
2007
2009
2010 and ongoing
2007
2009
2011 and ongoing
2010
2012
2013 and ongoing
2010
2012
2012 and ongoing
Ongoing till 2015
Programme to start in
2015
Programme to start in
2015
Programme to start in
2015
Programme to start in
2018
Programme to start in
2018
2011
2012
2011
2014
2014
2014
2014
Ongoing till 2017
Ongoing till 2017
Vaal River System
• Supply water to 60% of economy, 45% of population
• Mines and industries on Eastern Mpumalanga Highveld
• Bulk of Eskom’s coal fired power stations
• Gauteng
• NW and FS goldfields
• Kimberley
• Large irrigation schemes
• System in deficit due to unlawful use (masked by full
dams)
Vaal River System: 1940
Integrated Vaal River
System – Schematic
Diagram
42
Reconciliation Scenario
High with target WC/WDM
Unlawful removed
Re-use 80% of surplus yield in
the Crocodile West River System
High Water Requirement Scenario with
Water Conservation and Demand Management & Re-use
3800
Yield / Water Requirements (million m3/a)
Desalination of Mine Water
3600
3400
3200
Polihali Dam Yield
3000
2800
2600
2400
2005
2010
Yield increases due to
removal of dilution releases
AMD reuse
System
Yield
2015
2020
2025
2030
Desalinate AMD
2035
2040
2045
First transfer from LHWP Phase II
43
2050
Integrated Vaal River Strategy: Securing Water for
the Future
• Eradicate unlawful irrigation, notably in the upper Vaal
river area
• Implement Water Conservation/Water Demand
Management with focus on loss management (15% must
be saved)
• Treat and use effluent, starting with desalination of acid
mine water drainage
• Implement the next water supply augmentation scheme
Managing Drought Risks
45
Total Vaal River System (Scenario A)
Boxes
100%
& 0%
99.5%
& 0.5%
99%
& 1%
12000
11000
100
10000
9000
80
7000
60
6000
5000
40
4000
3000
2000
20
1000
0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Level
2019 2020
2021 which
2022 2023
2024 2025 2026
2027
2028 2029 2030
Below
curtailments
are
imposed
Years
Boxplots derived from 1000 sequences
(Planning Year: May to April)
Percentage (%)
Volume (million m3)
8000
PROJECT PLANNING
Is RSA sliding into a water crisis situation?
NO if :
• Water Conservation/ Water Demand Management,
• effluent reuse,
• curbing of unlawful use
• promotion of groundwater use
• curbing of deteriorating water quality
• timely decisions on appropriate investments
This is being confirmed by the country-wide water
reconciliation studies ( completed, being conducted
,updated)
For more information please contact L Mabuda PR. ENG.
CHIEF DIRECTOR : INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE PLANNING,
[email protected]
SEDIBENG BUILDING 8TH FLOOR
Thank you