Transcript Mr Philippe OMONDI

European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications
for Sustainable Development
A Comprehensive Mapping of European-African Actors and
Activities
in the framework of the conference “Space for the African Citizen”
hosted by the Belgian EU Council Presidency on 16 September
Climate Change and Variability: Experience in use
of Space Technology over the Greater Horn
of Africa
Omondi P. A. (PhD)
ICPAC
MAJOR AFRICAN CLIMATE CENTRES
ACMAD
Niamey
ICPAC
Nairobi
SADC
Gaborone
IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND
APPLICATIONS CENTRE
(ICPAC)
a specialized Institution of the Intergovernmental Authority on
development (IGAD) charged with the Responsibility of
Coordinating all Regional Climate Risk Reduction related issues in
the Greater Horn of Africa
ICPAC MISSION: To provide climate information, prediction, timely early
warning for applications in support of environmental management, disaster
risk reduction and sustainable development in the IGAD Region
Vision: To become a viable regional centre of excellence in climate risk reduction
including coping with present climate extremes as well as adaptation to future
climate changes for environmental management, disaster risk reduction, poverty
reduction and sustainable development.
OVERALL IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
4 April 2017
IRI-WMO Worksop Beijing China 19-30
October 2009
GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
• Global warming and overall climate change is
now a scientific reality to be reckoned with in all
countries of the world, and more particulary in
Sub-Saharan Africa which has been shown to be
the most vulnerable.
• In its Fourth Scientific Assessment brought out in
2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, the IPCC said global warming is
“unequivocal, as is evidenced by numerous
observations around the world.
CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate variability is what we see more clearly
in terms of the higher temperatures we are
experiencing ,or changes in rainfall
characteristics from season to season, and
from year to year.
• We often realise we are dealing with change
too late.
WHAT THE IPCC SAYS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
• “Global climate change will have a wide range
of impacts, and overall negative health
impacts will outweigh positive impacts.
• Changes in frequencies of heat and colds will
be accompanied by an increase in morbidity
and mortality;
• Other impacts will come from changes in the
frequency of floods and droughts;
Perspectives
The Problem

Climate change and variability are real – Extreme climate
events are more frequent and devastating

Increasingly, there are evidence showing that climate,
human and animal health are integrally linked in Africa
through many different associations –(Zoonoses, malaria
epidemics, RVF, Yellow fever ,respiratory disorders &
other emerging and re-emerging diseases)

Many vector borne diseases are sensitive to changes in
meteorological parameters such as- rainfall,
temperature, and humidity

There are other climate change impacts that have a
negative direct bearing on human health – Droughts,
floods, food deficiency ,

Climate change will continue to influence the
distribution and occurrence of communicable diseases
and other health conditions– complicating their
prevention and control and negate current
achievements.
WHAT IS CAUSING CLIMATE CHANGE?
• Greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O and
CFCs help the atmosphere to act as a blanket by
trapping heat energy and maintaining its
temperature close to the earth’s surface.
• Global warming has been caused by excessive
emission of these greenhouse gases (GHGs) into
the environment through many anthropogenic
activities.
• It is this warming that is altering the world’s
climate!
4 April 2017
Projections of Future Changes in Climate
• For the next two decades, a warming of about 0.2°C per
decade is projected for a range of possible emission
scenarios.
• Even if the concentrations of all greenhouse gases and
aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a
further warming of about 0.1°C per decade would be
expected.
• Temperature and precipitation extremes will be more
frequent;
• Precipitation decreases likely in most marginal areas of
the sub-tropical land regions, including Kenya.
CLIMATE
IMPACTS
DEVELOPMENT
Health
impacts
andON
vulnerability
FLOOD RISK
CROPS
FLOODS AND MALARIA
African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development
African Monitoring of the Environment in the
IGAD region : overview and status
Land Degradation (LD)
Some products
Land cover change
Fire
Vegetation condition/biomass
Indicators (habitat etc)
Water bodies and NDWI
Alerts
Data access
• Installation of AMESD thematic stations in Kenya, Ethiopia,
Somalia
– DRSRS (Department for Resource Surveys and Remote
Sensing, Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources)
– SWALIM: as a focal point for Somalia based in Kenya
– ICPAC, KMFRI: Kenyan Marine and Fisheries Research
Institute.
– Ethiopian Mapping Agency, focal point, Ethiopia.
Data access cont…
• Upgrading of PUMA stations in Kenya
– PUMA station at the Kenya Meteorological
Department.
– PUMA station at the ICPAC.
• Upgrading of PUMA stations in Ethiopia
– PUMA station at Ethiopian Meterological
Department
Remote Sensing as a Tool
Remote sensing is increasingly being used in
disaster management, Early Warning Systems
(EWS)
In disaster / risk management
RS data is needed for:
• Disaster preparedness
• Disaster mitigation
 Disaster monitoring:
•the current situation
•before,
•during and
•after occurrence of Disaster.
Major Disasters Frequently Occurring in Africa
•Droughts
•Flooding
•Landslides
•Fire
•Volcanic hazards
•Epidemic Diseases
Satellite based rainfall estimation
Potential rainfall amounts (mm)
Actual Rainfall Performance
Use of NDVI in Biomass change monitoring
1st Dekad August 2001
3rd Dekad August 2001
Identification of Hotspots
Floods
High resolution satellite data have
been extensively used in
• the assessment of the impacts of floods on the local populace
• monitoring floods
• modeling/forecasting floods
Examples: Mozambique, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Nile flooding in Khartoum.
Warning, tracking, damage assessment
Flooded Dwellings
Extensive flooding
Tree tops
Flooded Agricultural Fields
THANK YOU ALL
FOR LISTENING
E-Mail: [email protected]
Website: www.icpac.net