Transcript Paris Agreement - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

SOUTH AFRICA’S PROPOSED NEGOTIATING MANDATE FOR
COP22 TO BE HELD IN BAB IGHLI, MARRAKESH, MOROCCO
FROM 07TH – 18TH NOVEMBER 2016.
PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE – 28 0CTOBER 2016
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PURPOSE
To present:
• A short overview of the achievements at COP 21
in Paris, December 2015
• Key elements of SA Position for COP22/CMP12,
to be held from 07-18 November 2016, in Bab
Ighli, Marrakech, Morocco.
• A short overview of the implications of the Paris
Agreement for South Africa, and readiness
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UNFCCC COP 21 – PARIS (Dec 2015)
• Paris COP 21 was a culmination of the process started in Durban at
COP17, in 2011;
• The key outcome of COP 21 was the historic Paris Agreement (PA),
which will define the global fight against climate change;
• Also a set of decisions on the process over the next five years,
during which the details of its implementation will be negotiated.
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KEY FEATURES OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT
• A strong, legally-binding international framework to guide
the global response to the global challenge of climate change
• Recognition of the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities between developed and developing
countries consistent with the UNFCCC;
• The goal of limiting global temperature increase well below
2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit the increase to
1.5 degrees;
• A global adaptation goal;
• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by all
countries every five years, to contribute to the global goals for
mitigation and adaptation; each NDC will be a progression;
• Countries must report on implementation of their NDCs.
• Reconfirmation of $100 bn target by 2020 and scaling up in
2025
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IMPLICATIONS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT FOR SA
• South Africa will be required to submit a Nationally Determined
Contribution every five years. We submitted an INDC (which will
become an NDC on accession) to the UNFCCC in 2015, which applies
to 2025 and 2030.
• South Africa will be required to develop policies and measures
(PAMs) to implement our NDCs, and to report on progress with these
PAMs
• South Africa will be required to account for our NDC (the extent to
which we have met the goals of our NDC), including any use of
international market mechanisms;
• South Africa will have to submit biennial reports to the UNFCCC on
national circumstances, emissions, adaptation and other facets of
climate change;
• South Africa should submit regular communications on adaptation
• South Africa will be encouraged to develop a long-term low-carbon
development strategy.
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STATUS OF THE NEGOTIATIONS
• 1 official meeting under UNFCCC- May 2016
• Main focus - appointment of the co-Chairs; agenda for Ad
Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) .
• Agenda covers Nationally Determined Contributions,
Adaptation Communication, Transparency and Global
Stocktake.
• 2 Informal meetings convened by France and Morocco
aimed at identifying priority issues for COP 22.
– Mandated events such as the review of Warsaw International
Mechanism on Loss & Damage as well as Facilitative dialogue under
pre-2020 discussions;
– High level Ministerial on Finance;
• Pre-2020 Action; Entry into force of the Paris Agreement;
and Progress on the Rule-book for Paris Agreement
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FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22
• There are 2 streams of work:
– Pre 2020: 2nd Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol; raising of
emission reduction ambition by developed countries; pre 2020
finance;
– Post 2020: negotiation of the rule book for entry into force of the
Paris Agreement
• The double threshold for entry into force of the Paris Agreement (55
countries accounting for 55% of emissions) was achieved on 5 October.
The current status is: 82 of 197 Parties to the Convention have ratified,
representing close to 60% of global emissions.
• The Paris Agreement will therefore enter into force on 4 November
2016. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1) will take place in
Marrakech in conjunction with COP 22 and CMP 12. The CMA is likely to
be suspended until 2018, to allow for finalisation of the negotiations on
the Paris Agreement rule book.
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FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22: POST 2020
• COP 22 will be focused on developing rules for the Paris Agreement;
the 3 subsidiary bodies (on the Paris Agreement - APA, on Scientific
and Technological Advice- SBSTA and on implementation – SBI) all have
tasks related to preparing for entry into force of the Paris Agreement;
• The APA is expected to take up the process of providing further guidance
on the features of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and
their adaptation component and/or other adaptation communication;
• It will also begin consideration of modalities and procedures for the
enhanced transparency framework under the Agreement and
modalities of the global stocktake outlined in Article 14 of the Agreement.
• Coherence of issues across the bodies: South Africa expects that the
outcomes of the Marrakesh COP should provide a roadmap to ensure
that all the work mandated will be concluded in time to be adopted
before the commitments of Parties come into effect in 2020.
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SA POSITION FOR Post 2020
On Mitigation:
• Start the discussion on common time frames- Solutions to the
dichotonomy of 5 and 10 year timeframe of NDC
On Adaptation:
• the definition of minimum information and features for the adaptation
component of NDCs is central to to our position- should address at least,
vulnerability, priorities, plans and actions, implementation and support
needs, adaptation efforts for recognition in case of developing countries.
On Finance:
• start the discussion on information to be provided by developed
countries in their Biennial Communications of Indicative Support (BCIS)
envisaged in Article 9.5
On Global Stocktake:
• Progress on the modalities of the stocktake.
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SA POSITION FOR Post 2020
• On Early Entry into force:
• COP 22 should built on the spirit of universality and inclusivity fostered in
Paris. This spirit is evident in the speed with which the Agreement has
entered into force, and as a result, the first session of the Meeting of
Parties of the Paris Agreement (CMA) will hold its first meeting in
Marrakech.
• CMA1 should mandate the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris
Agreement (APA) to continue its work,
• empower the COP to take stock of progress on issues which are critical
for post-2020 implementation, and especially on issues which are not
necessarily currently mapped out under the APA’s work programme.
• Following this, the CMA should suspend its activities until 2018, by which
time all Parties should have ratified
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FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22: Pre 2020
• COP 22 is expected to be an implementation and action COP;
• It will take up a number of items that were given less attention, such as:
 mandated events - including the facilitative dialogue on finance,
and pre-2020 ambition and implementation are expected to help
provide clarity on the US$100 billion pledge, and
 address the concerns of many developing countries that pre-2020
action might be overshadowed by negotiations on the post-2020
period.
 Review of Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage
(WIM): SA position: it is premature to review the WIM - review to be
deferred.
• Finance: COP22 should clearly outline in Marrakesh the pathways to
achieving $100 billion per year by 2020 and beyond.
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SA POSITION ON THE PRE 2020
• The CoP needs to adopt the ToRs for Paris Committee on
Capacity Building to enable the PCCB to continue with its work
plan + launch of the Capacity Building Initiative on Transparency.
• The High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Financing should
deliver on adaptation finance. Expectation is that the dialogue would
result in scaled-up funding for - Adaptation.
• The COP and the CMP need to finalise their recommendation on
the future of the Adaptation Fund.
• We expect developed Parties to table a clear pathway to realise
the $100 billion per annum by 2020 (scaled up by 2025) and on the
provision of technology and capacity building
• Report assessment of the impact of the Action Agenda; how
do we deal with issues visibility of these initiatives; how to
convert opportunities emanating from Technical Examination
Process into concrete action
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South Africa’s Intended Nationally
Determined Contribution (INDC)
SA’s intended nationally determined contribution:
• Describes our national priorities and circumstances
• Sets out our mitigation INDC (commitment to reduce
our greenhouse gas emissions)
• Sets out our adaptation INDC (commitments to take
action to adapt to the impact of climate change
• Means of implementation: an outline of the costs
associated with reducing our emissions and adapting
to climate impacts
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What does SA’s adaptation INDC
consist of?
SA Adaptation INDC
• Goal 1: Develop a national adaptation plan and begin
operationalisation (2020 – 25)
• Goal 2: Take into account climate considerations in national
development, sub-national and sector policy frameworks for the
period 2020 to 2030
• Goal 3: Build the necessary institutional capacity for climate
change response planning and implementation for the period 2020
to 2030
• Goal 4: Develop an early warning, vulnerability and adaptation
monitoring system for key climate vulnerable sectors and
geographical areas
• Goal 5: Development of a vulnerability assessment and
adaptation needs framework by 2020
• Goal 6: Communication of past investments in adaptation for
education and awareness as well as for international recognition
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What does SA’s mitigation INDC
consist of?
Three elements
1. A long term vision – a “peak, plateau,
decline” emissions trajectory range to 2050.
2. A medium-term goal – emissions will be
within the range 398-614 Mt CO2-eq in the
years 2025 and 2030.
3. Flexibility – a) a range for the PPD, b) a
range in 2025/30, and c) periodic review of
the PPD in the longer term in the light of
science, national circumstances.
1) Long term context - SA’s emissions will “peak,
plateau and decline”, within a specified range
2) Medium term goal - SA’s emissions will be
within the range 398-614 Mt CO2-eq in 2025 and
2030
3) Flexibility - in the longer term, SA’s “PPD”
trajectory will be periodically reviewed
"Peak, Plateau and
Decline" emissions
trajectory range
600
400
300
2025 and 2030
emissions ranges in
the South African
INDC
200
2050
2045
2040
2035
2030
2025
100
2020
Mt CO2-eq
500
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What is SA doing, and will need to do ?
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The development of South Africa’s National Climate Change
Adaptation Strategy is well underway (details in separate presentation)
The framework for a national greenhouse gas emission reduction
system was approved by Cabinet in 2015 and operationalisation is well
underway (details in separate presentation)
A national climate change response monitoring and reporting webbased system is under development, and the first annual report on
South Africa’s climate change response has been published (details
in separate presentation)
South Africa’s national greenhouse gas inventory for the period 2000
to 2012 has been published for public comment, as has the 2nd Bienniel
Update Report to the UNFCCC, outlining climate action.
5 sectoral adaptation strategies have been published by sectoral
departments (agriculture, water, biodiversity, health, rural development)
5 provincial vulnerability assessments have been finalised and 3
provincial adaptation strategies have been finalised.
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What is SA doing, and will need to do ?
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Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Program
significant achievements
National Green Transport Strategy published for public comment
Progress with the National Energy Efficiency Programme
However, we will have to increase the pace of implementation
We will have to scale up investments significantly in renewable energy,
public transport, energy efficiency, waste management and land
restoration initiatives country-wide, in order to reduce the greenhouse gas
emissions intensity of our economy, ensuring significant benefits to the
economy, and significant co-benefits.
All spheres of Government will need to refine their strategies for adapting
to the impacts of climate change and for enhancing the capacity of
institutions, services, infrastructure, human settlements and ecosystem
services to respond to and bounce back from the impacts of climate
change
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FURTHER DETAILS
To be presented in separate presentations on:
• The national emission reduction system
• The national strategy on adaptation
• The national climate change response
monitoring and evaluation system
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