Transcript South Africa`s approach for COP 22 The Paris Agreement

IMC PRESENTATION ON COP21 OUTCOMES AND KEY ELEMENTS
OF PROPOSED SA POSITION FOR COP22 TO BE HELD IN BAB
IGHLI, MARRAKESH, MOROCCO FROM 07TH – 18TH
NOVEMBER 2016.
PCEA ON CLIMATE CHANGE – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
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PURPOSE
To provide the Portfolio Committee with the:
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Outcomes of COP21 In Paris, and
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South Africa’s approach for COP22 in
Marrakesh, Morocco (7th – 18th November
2016).
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UNFCCC COP 21
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Culmination of the process we started in Durban at COP17;
The key outcome was the historic Paris Agreement (PA), which will
define the global fight against climate change;
Also a set of decisions on the process over the next five years,
during which the details of its implementation will be negotiated.
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Key Features of the Paris Agreement
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A strong, legally-binding international framework to guide
the global response to the global challenge of climate change
Recognition of the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities between developed and developing
countries consistent with the UNFCCC;
The goal of limiting global temperature increase well below
2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit the increase to
1.5 degrees;
A global adaptation goal;
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by all
countries every five years, to contribute to the global goals for
mitigation and adaptation;each NDC will be a progression;
Countries must report on implementation of their NDCs.
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Some of the details of the Paris Agreement
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New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) will be
submitted every five years (for 2025, 2030 etc);
A global stocktake will occur every five years to assess progress in
implementation, and countries will consider the outcomes of the
stocktake in their NDCs;
Adaptation is central to the PA – it establishes a global adaptation
goal and regular reporting;
Developed countries will continue to provide and mobilize finance to
support developing countries in the post-2020 period;
A new market mechanism with similarities to the CDM will be
developed, as well as another mechanism to provide for bilateral or
multilateral co-operation on mitigation;
Loss and damage from impacts of climate change is dealt with
separately from adaptation;
Provisions for technology transfer, capacity-building and
response measures
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Decisions covering the pre-2020 period
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The Ad-Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) was
established, to develop rules for the Paris Agreement in the period
before 2020;
CMP 11 concluded the rule set for the second commitment period
of the Kyoto Protocol (end 2020) after four years of negotiations;
CMP 11 also concluded a Review of the modalities and
procedures for the Clean Development Mechanism. This will make
it easier for countries in Africa to implement the CDM;
A Technical Examination Process on Adaptation was established
to identify concrete opportunities for strengthening resilience,
reducing vulnerabilities and increasing the implementation of
adaptation actions in the pre-2020 period;
Financial pledges to the Adaptation Fund - $75 million; and
Financial pledges to Least Developed Countries Fund- $248 million.
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Ratification
ofthethe
Paris
Agreement
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To consolidate
success
of Paris,
all countriesby
wereSouth
urged toAfrica
ratify
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the Paris Agreement as soon as possible;
It is important that South Africa continues its leadership role in the
international negotiations by ratifying the PA early;
On the 22nd April 2016, South Africa became a signatory to the Paris
Agreement, which in terms of its Article 20 the Agreement, shall be
open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York
from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017;
The Paris Agreement enters into force on the 30th day after the date
on which at least 55 parties to the Convention accounting in total for at
least 55% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have
deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession with the depository.
The UN Secretary-General has arranged a high-level event in New
York on 21 September 2016 to encourage Parties to deposit their
instruments of ratification.
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Ratification of the Paris Agreement by South Africa
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The USA in particular, is focused on exerting political pressure for all
the leading economies in the G20 countries, including South Africa, to
join the Paris Agreement at the UNSG´s event. Should the majority of
G20 countries do so, the Paris Agreement may even come into force
as early as this year.
Currently, 29 countries including the US and China as well as two
African countries (Cameroon and Somalia) have ratified the PA and
accounting for 39% of total global emissions.
South Africa’s process is guided by section 231(2) of the Constitution
of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and this includes national
stakeholder consultations, a socio-economic impact assessment and
Parliamentary approval
All preparatory work is currently underway.
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Implications for South Africa
The Paris Agreement requires South Africa to:
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submit a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) every five years. We
submitted our Intended Nationally Determined Contribution to the
UNFCCC in 2015, which applies to 2025 & 2030. The next NDC
(applicable to 2035) will be due in 2023.
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develop policies and measures (PAMs) to implement our NDCs, and to
report on progress. This work is well underway.
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account for our NDC (the extent to which we have met the goals of our
NDC). A national climate change response tracking system is in place,
and the first annual climate change response report has been published.
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submit biennial reports to the UNFCCC on national circumstances,
emissions, adaptation and other facets of climate change. The 2nd
Biennial Update Report has been published for public comment.
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South Africa should submit regular communications on adaptation, and
also develop a long-term low-carbon development strategy. This work
has been initiated
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What we are doing, and will need to do
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The development of South Africa’s National Climate Change
Adaptation Strategy is well underway, and a framework for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions has been agreed by Cabinet.
A climate change response monitoring and evaluation system has
been developed to track South Africa’s transition to a lower carbon and
climate resilient economy.
However, we will have to increase the pace of implementation
We will have to scale up investments significantly in renewable energy,
public transport, energy efficiency, waste management and land
restoration initiatives country-wide, in order to reduce the greenhouse
gas emissions intensity of our economy.
All spheres of Government will need to refine their strategies for
adapting to the impacts of climate change, and for enhancing the
capacity of institutions, services, infrastructure, human settlements and
ecosystem services to respond to and bounce back from the impacts of
climate change.
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What will happen at COP 22
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COP 22 will be focused on beginning the process of developing rules to
guide the work of Parties under the Paris Agreement. The UNFCCC
negotiating forums all have tasks related to preparing for the entry into
force of the Paris Agreement.
The Adhoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement will provide further
guidance on the features of nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
and their adaptation component and/or other adaptation communication.
It will also begin consideration of modalities and procedures for the
enhanced transparency framework under the Agreement and modalities
of the global stocktake outlined in Article 14 of the Agreement.
COP 22 should provide a roadmap to ensure that all the work will be
concluded in time to be adopted by the first meeting of the Parties to the
PA in 2020, and also make rapid progress with important issues to be
addressed re the pre-2020 period, particularly on finance.
There will be a High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Financing
at COP 22, focusing on adaptation finance and needs for support for
readiness activities.
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South Africa’s approach to COP 22:
focus on pre 2020
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Scaling-up of finance for adaptation in the pre-2020
period, given that impacts of climate change are already
having impacts, and specifically a discussion on the future of
the Adaptation Fund;
Scaling up funding for mitigation,technology transfer,
capacity-building in the pre-2020 period
Ensuring progress in the technical examination process for
mitigation, and especially in the newly-established technical
examination process for adaptation, and how to link these to
implementation;
Ensuring a successful launching of the Paris Committee on
Capacity Building and its work plan between 2016 and 2020;
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South Africa’s approach for COP 22
The Paris Agreement
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A clear work programme leading up to entry into force of
the PA, which also addresses the potential problems of entry
into force before 2020;
Inclusion of adaptation in NDCs as agreed in Paris;
Developed Parties need to provide a clear pathway to
realise the $100 billion per annum by 2025 (and scaled up
thereafter) and on the provision of technology and capacity
building.
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