Transcript Chapter 1 Section 3

Geography Chapter 7 & 8
South America
• 7.1.1; 7.1.3; 7.1.4; 7.1.5
• 8.1.1; 8.3.3
South America Map
•
•
•
•
Label Countries and Capitals
Label Andes Mountains and color red.
Label Amazon Basin and color green.
Draw and label the Amazon River and color
blue.
• Label the bodies of water that surround South
America.
7-1.1
Physical Geography
• 1. As you read 190-191 give
details about South Americas
physical geography;
• A. High Mountains
• B. Large Basins
• C. Northern Grasslands
• D. Southern Plains
In South
America, the
Andes
Mountains
and Amazon
River Basin
are known
for their
extreme
climates.
The Amazon Basin is the largest river
basin in the world, it stretches nearly the
entire width of South America, and
the climate is hot and humid over
most of the Amazon River Basin.
Diverse plant and animals.
The Andes Mountains stretch for
many miles along the western side of
South America.
Cold, with little rainfall best describes
the climate found in the highest
elevations of the Andes Mountains.
Mt. Aconcagua 22,837 Feet above Sea
Level
Northern
Grasslands have
warm climates,
both high and
low elevations,
and much
vegetation.
Unique plants
and animals in
the Guiana
Highlands
The Southern
Plains have a
mild climate,
low elevation,
and Argentina’s
Pampas is a
grassy plain
with rich soil.
7-1.3
The Amazon River
• 2. As you read 194-195 give details
on the main idea “The Amazon
supports life in its vast rain forest;
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
The
Amazon
River
supports
life in a
vast rain
forest.
The Amazon Basin includes the
world’s largest tropical rain forest.
A.
Smaller rivers that drain into a larger
river are called tributaries.
Amazon River is the worlds largest in terms of
volume and the second longest river in the world.
Rich nutrients deposited by
floodwaters helps support
biodiversity in the rain forest of the
Amazon Basin.
B
Melting snow contributes to the rich
soils found in the lowland forests.
Thousands of plants and animal
species and millions of insect’s
species live there.
C
Growing populations threatens rain
forest lands.
D
• 3. As you read 196-197 compare and
contrast the climates on the Pacific
and Atlantic Coast of South America.
West Coast
East Coast
Oceans
Countries
Climate
Currents
What affect does El Nino have on South
America’s western coast?
7-1.4
Cold and Warm Currents
Rain Shadow a dry region on one side
of a mountain.
Pacific Ocean Coast Peru, Chile,
Columbia and Ecuador. Cool and Dry
Atlantic Coast Brazil, Uruguay,
Argentina warm and humid, Brazil
Falkland North Equatorial Currents.
The Atacama
Desert was
created by the
Andes
Mountains
preventing
moist winds
from reaching
the coast of
Chile.
Atacama Desert
During an El Niño wind and ocean
currents reverse their usual direction.
this can cause flooding that damages
bridges, roads, crops, and homes.
7-1.5
Rain Forest and Climate Change
• 1. As you read 198-199 use the causes and
effects chain to analyze how rain forest and
transpiration affect the environment.
Plants and
trees release
water vapor
into the air.
Trees and plants
in the rainforest
absorb
greenhouse gases
from the
atmosphere.
Plants and trees release water vapor, during
the process known as transpiration.
Water vapor rises.
Water vapor cools and forms clouds.
Warm moist soil make it easy to for
many types of plants to grow.
Trees grow so high and thick that
sometimes sunlight does not reach
the forest floor. Canopy
Rain forest plants absorb greenhouse
gases (gases that trap heat energy,
causing the Earth to warm)
Burning fossil fuels produces
greenhouse gases. In the process, rain
forest plants help clean the air.
Rain forests are being destroyed. It is
a challenge countries in both South
America and Africa face.
Less greenhouse gas is removed from
the air is one effect of deforestation
in the Amazon rain forest.
Climate change is the gradual shift in
Earth’s climate due to natural causes.
Global warming is the rapid warming
of the Earth’s surface some scientists
have observed over the last century.
• Without trees in the
rain forest, more
greenhouse gases such
as carbon dioxide would
be released into Earth’s
atmosphere and
increase surface
temperatures. This in
turn could destroy
habitats and change
ecosystems all over the
world.
• 8.1.1
Indigenous Cultures
2. As you read pages 214-215 Complete
the graphic organizer.
Indigenous
Cultures
Based on what you read, why do you think there is a
greater percentage of indigenous people in Bolivia and
Peru that in other South American countries?
Aymara: live in the Andes and speak
Aymara.
They herd llamas and aplacas, and
grow potatoes and quinoa.
Quechua: Live in isolated villages in
the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and
Bolivia.
The Quechua practice a blend of
Catholicism and native beliefs. Their
traditions include weaving and speaking
Quechua.
Guarani: Manu Paraguayans have both Guarani
and Spanish ancestors. Guarani culture is
represented in Paraguayan folk art and Guarani
language.
Mandurukú: live in Brazil. Their ancestors
farmed, hunted, and fished in the rain
forest.
Today they sell latex, a forest product.
Removing rubber tree Latex.
Dipping bags and drying.
• The percentage of indigenous people in
Bolivia and Peru is probably greater because
these countries have a mountainous physical
geography where the indigenous population
has been isolated but thriving for centuries
8.3.3
Impact of the Olympics
3. As you read pages 234-235, use the Prediction Chart
to make predictions about the effect of the Olympics on
Brazil’s economy and infrastructure.
Question:
Will brazil be able to maximize the economic and social
impact of hosting the 2016 Olympics?
Pros
1. Rio de Janeiro has
experience with hosting
international sports
events
2.
3.
4.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
Will Brazil be able to maximize the economic and
social impact of hosting the 2016 Olympics?
• Rio de Janeiro has experience with hosting
international sports events.
• Job creation, improved infrastructure (the
basic systems that a society needs—roads,
bridges, sewers), increased tourism revenue,
and the city’s reputation are all at stake
• To host the 2016 Olympics, Brazil’s
government has to make many improvements.
• They have to tear down the often dangerous
favelas (slum/shantytowns) surroundings the
city and rebuild these neighborhoods.
• Brazil will be motivated and able to overcome
its challenges to make the necessary
improvements in infrastructure to benefit
from the Olympics
Something Extra
• The explosive population growth in San Paulo,
Brazil, has contributed to overcrowding in
slums.
• Creole describes a language that is a blend of
two different languages.