Transcript The Cell
Eagle Zone- 8 minutes *Copy the information from the class calendar into your agenda.* 1) Define prokaryote and provide an example of an organism that is a prokaryote. 2) Define eukaryote and provide an example or a type of cell that is eukaryotic. Eagle Zone- 8 minutes Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the organelles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The Cell The basic unit of life (smallest living unit) TEKS Science Concepts The student is expected to: (4a) Compare and contrast the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (4c) Compare the structure of viruses to cells Other science skills 3b - The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions. The student is expected to: (3F) research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists. Engage: Describe what you see in this picture The Amazing Cell (video) From shared drive Contributing Scientist Robert Hooke Used a microscope to examine cork (plant) Hooke called what he saw "Cells" Using the Microscope Review for quiz 10 minutes only after the bell rings Microscope parts AND functions Using the Microscope Choose 5 or more parts of the microscope to label After you label the part, write the function of the part Draw a line-place extra credit under the line 1 point for each extra part and functionmax=5 Explore Cellular Discovery Using the lab sheets provided to you, FOLLOW DIRECTIONS to observe different types of plant, animal, and bacterial cells under the microscope and record your observations. Be sure to CLEAN YOUR SLIDES AND STATION THOROUGHLY WHEN YOU ARE DONE. Tic- Tac-Toe Project (individual home project) You will be creating 3 small products for this project. Each product will have a grade of it’s own worth 100 points. The grades for each product will be averaged together for one total project grade. There is only one grade for this in the grade book- Not 3! Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell membrane Contain DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Prokaryotic Examples Bacteria EUKARYOTIC CELLS Plant, Animal, Protist, Fungi eU (you) have eUkaryotes Eukaryotic Example Section 7-2 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plant Cell Venn Diagrams Compare and Contrast Animal Cells Centrioles Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Internal Organization Cells contain ORGANELLES. Cell Components that PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL. The Nucleus Brain of Cell Bordered by a porous membrane - nuclear envelope. Contains thin fibers of DNA and protein called Chromatin. Rod Shaped Chromosomes Contains a small round nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA which makes ribosomes. Cellular Organelles The cell membrane The boundary of the cell. MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS Composed of three distinct layers. Two layers of fat and one layer of protein. Cytoplasm A solution made of many different types of molecules Fills the cell “jelly” fluid Found in plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells Central Vacuole Sacs that store food, wastes, and ions Helps maintain cell TURGOR pressure ONLY Found in plants and protists. The Chloroplast Double membrane Center section contains grana Thylakoid (coins) make up the grana. Stroma - gel-like material surrounding grana Found in plants and algae. Cell Wall Extra structure surrounding its plasma membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Cellulose – Plants Chitin – Fungi Peptidoglycan - Bacteria Centrioles Found only in animal cells Paired organelles found together near the nucleus, at right angles to each other. Role in building cilia and flagella Play a role in cellular reproduction Lysosomes Recycling Center Recycle cellular debris Membrane bound organelle containing a variety of enzymes. Internal pH is 5. Help digest food particles inside or out side the cell. Flagella Whiplike tail used for Prokaryote Sperm locomotion (movement) Enables single cells to swim For cells attached to tissues (like our air passages), it moves liquid over the surface of a cell Found in some bacteria and single celled eukaryotes Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Breaks down sugar into usable energy called ATP Has its own DNA Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Framework of the cell Small microfilaments and larger microtubules. Gives cell its shape and help with the movement of its organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Golgi Body A series of flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials out of the cell. Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum. Endoplasmic Reticulum— Rough and Smooth Complex network of transport channels. Two types: 1. Rough contains ribosomes on its surface b) releases newly made protein to golgi body. a) Smooth 2. ribosome free b) Used for cell detoxification. a) Ribosomes Small non-membrane bound organelles. Contain two sub units Site of protein synthesis. Protein factory of the cell Either free floating or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Mitochondrion Double Membranous It’s the size of a bacterium Contains its own DNA; mDNA Produces high energy compound ATP Elaborate Art Show Create a drawing of a prokaryotic cell (bacteria) or a eukaryotic cell (plant or animal cell) to be displayed in the E! Art Gallery (hallway) Include the following information with your drawing: Label at least 6 organelles found in that cell (do not use nucleus , cell membrane, or cell wall) Provide the functions for the organelles you listed On the bottom of your construction paper, explain the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Evaluate The students will draw and label both a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Pass/Fail The students will complete a Venn diagram comparing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells showing at least two differences. The students will correctly match at least 10 organelles with their function, using the animal and plant cell model. (quiz and project) Prokaryote • Bacteria • No nucleus • Unicellular • Algae • Have cell walls • Uses flagella or cilia for movement • Some have capsules • • • • • • • • Has DNA and RNA • Has a capsid • Performs all • No membrane functions of life bound organelles • Is a cell • LIVING! reproduces Plant cell Animal cell Has a nucleus Has cytoskeleton Membrane bound organelles Multicellular mushroom Takes over other cells Flu (Influenza) HIV Colds Has DNA or RNA (never both) Review 1. Prokaryotes are single celled organisms found in the kingdom Eubacteria (Monera). Which of the following cell structures would not be present in prokaryotic cells? A.Ribosome C.Cytoplasm B.Nucleus D.Cell membrane 2.What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells? A.control the functions of the cell C.generate the cell’s supply of energy b.provide structural support and protection d.contain waste products of the cell 3.Which of the following is a characteristic of organisms in Archaebacteria, but not Eubacteria? A.organisms lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls C.organisms live in extreme environments B.organisms are prokaryotic D.organisms reproduce asexually 4. What is the function of the nucleus in prokaryotic cells A.control the functions of the cell C.generate the cell’s supply of energy b.provide structural support and protection d. no function because it’s not present Eagle Zone 1. Correctly match the material of the cell wall to the type of cell it belongs to _____ peptidoglycan _____ cellulose _____ chitin A. fungi B. bacteria (prokaryotes) C. plants 2. Which cellular process would be affected first if the chloroplast were destroyed? A.Transport B.Reproduction C.Photosynthesis D.Respiration 3. Which cellular process would be affected if the mitochondria were destroyed? Production of protein B. Production of ATP A. .B. Production of oxygen D. Production of carbon dioxide