Transcript Climate Proofing

Climate Change, Adaptation &
Sustainable Development
“Experience & Challenges”
Joseph M. Konno
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
CLIMAP Project
Approach/Process
The setting
Case Studies
 Road
 Community
 National SDP
• Linkages to SD
• Challenges
ADB
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CLIMAP
IMPLEMENTATION: Asian Development Bank
SOURCE OF FUNDING: Canadian Government
DURATION: One Year (ends August, 2004)
EXECUTION: Maunsell Ltd, in association with:
International Global Change Institute (IGCI)
Government of FSM
Government of Cook Islands
Note: Contents of this presentation may not reflect the
views or polices of these institutions
Purpose of Project
Demonstrating:
• A risk-based approach to adaptation
• Mainstreaming adaptation in development
programs
Implementation:
• Mainstreaming adaptation in ADB’s
operations
• Through case studies:
– Cook Islands
– Federated States of Micronesia
Risk-based Methodology
Risk Scoping
Consultation with stakeholders
 establish targets and criteria
 Identify possible:
 risk events
 sources of stress
 stress receptors
 relationships between
 sources and receptors
Risk Characterization
Estimate for receptors:
 likelihoods of exposure
to stressors
 consequences of
exposure to stressors
 Develop risk profiles
 Compare event and total risks
with targets and criteria
Risk Management
Assess existing risk management
practices against risk profiles
 Evaluate treatment options
 Develop strategy based on options:
 reducing likelihood
 reducing consequences
 redistributing risk
 avoiding risk
 accepting risk
 Implement Strategy
Communication and Consultation
Review
Monitor outcomes
• Assess compliance
with targets
• Identify opportunities
for improvement
Risk-based Methodology
Appropriateness of
a risk-based
approach to
adaptation
Risk Scoping
Risk Characterization
Vulnerability
Assessment
Risk Management
Adaptation
Review
The PROCESS
Reflecting Climate Risks in
Infrastructure Design and Local
Level Decision Making
Demonstrated by
“Climate Proofing”
the Kosrae Road
“Climate Proofing”
Reflecting Climate Risks in
National Development Planning
Demonstrated
by
is shortand
for
“Climate Proofing” FSM’s
National Strategic Development Plans
reducing,
to
acceptable levels, the
Reflecting Climate Risks in
Landuse Planning, Regulations
and
Permitting
risks
due
to climate
Demonstrated by
“Climate Proofing”
variability and
Sapwohn Village, Sokehs
change, including
extreme events
FSM Case Studies
National
Strategic
Development
Plan
“Climate Proof” the
Design of RS4
Climate Proofing RS4 Design
• Current design for 1 in 23 year event – 7
inches per hour (179mm per hour)
• By 2050 this would be a 1 in 13 year event
• 1 in 25 year rainfall event in 2050 is 10
inches per hour (256mm per hour)
• Difference is approx. 80mm per hour
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Proofing Parts
of the Circumferential Road in Kosrae
New Road Section (3.9 miles)
Cost to Build Road
Original Design
$1,894,647
Climate Proofed Design
$2,405,811
Adaptation Cost
$ 511,164
Internal Rate of Return
11%
18
Accumulated Costs – RS4 (to be
built)
16
14
$US million
12
Current
Design
10
8
6
Climate
Proofed
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
Years from Construction
40
50
Reflecting Climate Risks in
Landuse Planning, Regulations and Permitting
Demonstrated by
“Climate Proofing” Landuse Plans, Building Codes,
EIA Regulations and Procedures, Health Regulations
• Sokehs, Pohnpei
Climate Proofing Sahpwon
Community
(Regulations should be climate proofed to allow
enforcement of polices and regulations)
• Climate Change Impacts & Adaptations have
been incorporated in to existing EIA Regulations,
Land Use Plans and Health Regulations and
other permitting process
• State Team has been set up to undertake further
risk assessments at state & community levels
Climate Proofing
the Building Code & EIA Regulations
• Allow for surface flooding as a result of
hourly rainfall intensities of at least 400
mm (such an event has a projected
return period of 25 years in 2050);
• Allow for possibility of wind gusts
exceeding 130 mph (this event has a
projected return period of 25 years in
2050; current practice is to use 120 mph
as the design wind speed).
FSM’s National Strategic Development
Plan is Climate Proofed
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
• “……… Infrastructure designed, located,
built and maintained to avoid unacceptable
risks to infrastructure associated with
natural hazards, including weather and
climate extremes, variability and change.”
• “……… Conduct risk assessments at state
level and develop national- and state-level
guidelines to ensure risks to infrastructure
development projects are identified and
addressed in a cost effective manner at the
design stage.”
National
Strategic
Development
Plan
Environment Sector
• Mainstream environmental considerations,
including climate change, in economic
development
• “……. Strategies and plans that address
unacceptable risks to the natural
environment and built assets, including
those arising from natural hazards such as
weather and climate extremes, variability
and change.”
Environmental Sector……..
• “Develop and implement integrated environmental and
resource management objectives that enhance
resilience of coastal and other ecosystems to natural
hazards such as those associated with extreme weather
events, climate change, high tides and sea-level rise.”
• Determine impact of climate change on the tuna industry
as a result of such effects as changed migration patterns
of Pacific tuna stocks, and implement strategies to
minimize impacts on this important industry.”
• “……. All the Federated States of Micronesia
communities will develop and implement risk reduction
strategies to address natural hazards such as those
related to current weather and climate extremes and
variability, while at the same time preparing for
anticipated impacts of climate change.”
Health Sector
• “……. Climate variability and change, including sea-level
rise, are important determinants of health and of growing
concern in the Federated States of Micronesia ….”
• “…..Potential health impacts which have been identified
include: vector-borne diseases (such as dengue fever
and malaria), water-borne diseases (such as viral and
bacterial diarrhoea), diseases related to toxic algae
(such as ciguatera fish poisoning which is important in
the Federated States of Micronesia where the protein
source is predominantly fish), food-borne diseases, food
security and nutrition, heat stress, air pollution, and
extreme weather and climate events….”
Status of SDP
• Adopted during FSM 3rd Economic
Summit held March 28-April 2, 2004
• Passed and signed in to law by FSM
National Congress
• It is now the guiding document for the
Country for the next 20 years.
Linkages to Sustainable Development
• The SDP provides an enabling environment that
fosters “climate proofed” development, and the
links with sustainable development,
• Climate proofing regulations (e.g. EIA) provide
legal support for compliance to SDP, and ensure
development projects are also climate proofed
and supports sustainable development
• Climate proofing development projects minimize
long term costs, improve returns on investments
and sustainability of projects
• The risk-based approach also links to
sustainable development by identifying those
risks to future generations that present
generations would find unacceptable.
Challenges
• Data (climate, health, etc): not available,
scattered, fragmented, not/difficult
accessible
• Resources to continue the process is
limited
• Accessing funding for adaptation cost
• Defining acceptable risk
Lessons Learned
• Policy Makers have limited budget to
allocate among competing needs,
quantifying risks, adaptation costs and
benefits improves their understanding
• Incorporate climate change/adaptation in
to existing processes.
• Climate proofing at three levels (project,
community, national) enhances the whole
process.
GRACIAS
THE END