Transcript La nuova carta di aridità a scala nazionale

World Meteorological Organization
Weather, Climate and Water
WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY
REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE)
11th session
Toulouse, France, 25 to 27 March 2009
Drought Assessment and Forecasting
Giuseppina Monacelli, Maura Abbafati
ISPRA Institute for Environmental Protection and Research
Department for Inland and Marine Waters Protection
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
RESOLUTION 17 (XIV-RA VI)
Terms of reference
To assess the use of satellite
data in drought monitoring,
assessment and forecasting
To identify ways of promoting
the exchange of data and
products, as well as of
forecasts and warnings, during
low flow situations
To review and evaluate
meteorological and hydrological
forecasting systems in RA VI
countries with respect to
droughts occurrence
To propose ways for ensuring
effective cooperation with other
international and regional bodies
involved in drought assessment
and mitigation
To review and evaluate activities undertaken by end-user, in
cooperation with NHSs, to mitigate the impacts of drought
RA VI (Europe)
50 members
EUROPEAN UNION
27 Member States, 7 Candidate Countries
REGION VI
(EUROPE)
Med EUWI
In South & East Mediterranean:
Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Israel,
Lebanon, Libya, Morocco,
Palestinian Authority, Syria, Turkey,
Tunisia.
In South East Europe:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslavic
Republic of Macedonia (FYROM),
Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
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DOCUMENTS
EU
 Ist Interim Report (2006)
 IInd Interim Report (2007)
 “Prolonged drought” towards a common understanding
of the phenomenon and of its impacts (2007)
 “Drought Management Plan Report” including agricultural,
drought indicators and Climate Change Aspects
(2007 published 2008)
Med EUWI
“Mediterranean Water Scarcity and Drought Report” (2008)
EVENTS
Conference of the Water Directors of the Euro-Mediterranean
and Southeastern European Countries
Athens, Greece, 6-7 November 2006
Medroplan Workshop
Marrakech (Morocco), 15-16 May 2007
International Forum on Drought Seville,
Spain, 18-20 June 2007
Thematic Eionet Workshop
“Water Quantity and Use”
Copenhagen, Denmark, 10-11
June 2008
MED Water Scarcity & Drought
Working group
Session “Planificacion y gestion de la Sequia”
24 July 2008
European Day on Water Scarcity and Drought
5 September 2008
Communication from the Commission to
the European Parliament and the Council
“Addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts
in the European Union”
adopted on 18 July 2007
DROUGHTS
Rainfall deficiency
Temporary situation
WATER SCARCITY
Insufficient water resources
to satisfy long-term average
requirements
Exacerbated by mismanagement
of water resources
Natural phenomenon
DEVIATION FROM AVERAGE
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Human-driven phenomenon
DEMAND > SUPPLY
Why a Communication on water scarcity and droughts?
1. Increasing impacts of water scarcity and droughts in past 30 years
km2
EU area affected by droughts in the last 30 years
Source: Member State data, Commission, November 2006
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Mio inhabitants
EU population affected by droughts in the last 30 years
Significant increase in annual average EU area
(from 6% to 13%) and population (from 6% to 13%)
affected by droughts between 1976-1990 period
and 1991-2006 period
2. Expected impacts of climate change and economic development
Proportion of severe water stress EU
river basins likely to increase from
19% today to 35% by 2070
Areas affected by
droughts will increase
Water stress:
withdrawals-to-availability ratio
If T° rises by 2 to 3°C
water scarcity would affect
1.1 to 3.2 billion people
Low
Water Stress
Medium
Water Stress
Severe
Water Stress
Source: Eurowasser study, University of Kassel
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What challenges need to be addressed?
Water Framework Directive needs to be fully implemented
Address ineffective water pricing policies
Improve land-use planning and water allocation between
economic sectors
Address waste of water and policy-making priorities
Integration of water-related issues into sectoral policies
Knowledge gaps need to be filled
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What policy options have been identified?
Putting the right price tag on water
Allocating water and water-related funding more efficiently
Improving drought risk management
Considering additional water supply infrastructures
Fostering water efficient technologies and practices
Fostering the emergence of a water-saving culture in Europe
Improve knowledge and data collection
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Improving drought risk management
drought risk management plans
observatory and early warning system on
droughts
optimising the use of the EU Solidarity Fund
and European Mechanism for Civil Protection
Drought Management Centre
for South-Eastern Europe (DMCSEE)
REPORT
EDO
European Drought Observatory
Improve knowledge and data collection
Develop a water scarcity and drought Information System
across Europe
(information on extent, impacts of water scarcity and drought
issues description on the basis of agreed indicators)
Disseminate the results of research on water scarcity and
drought issues
Enhance and encourage research on technological activities
under the 7th Community Research Framework Programme
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WMO Hydrology Network discussion forum
http://www.whycos.org/hnforum/index.php
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