Transcript present

ITU-T Workshop
ICTs: Building the Green City of
the Future
ICTs as a Tool to Combat
Climate Change
Arthur Levin
Chief, ITU-TSB
United Nations Pavilion
EXPO-2010, 14 May 2010
Shanghai, China
May 2010
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ICTs and Climate Change
 Methodology to describe and
estimate present and future user
[energy] consumption
of ICTs over their entire
life cycle
 Smarter standards for greener
systems
 Participation in COP
UN Secretary-General,
Ban Ki-moon:
"ITU is one of the very important
stakeholders in the area of
climate change."
Participants in
Focus Group ICT
and Climate
Change
May 2010
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Importance further identified
at top level
 WTSA-08, Resolution 73, resolves that CC is a
high priority in ITU
 WTPF (April 2009), Opinion 3, instructs
promotion of Resolution 73, etc.
 GSC-14 (July 2009), Resolution, encourages
related collaboration, etc.
 ITU Council (October 2009), Resolution 1307,
unanimously decided its importance and active
participation in UNFCCC including COP-15 in
Copenhagen
May 2010
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Evidence for climate change
Source: IPCC 4th assessment report, 2007
May 2010
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Why It Matters
 Impact of CC is costly for many countries even
though they are not a major source of emissions
 E.g. total GHG emissions of Pacific Island countries is
around 0.03% of global total, but half the population of island
countries live within less than a mile of their coastlines; coral
atolls no more than 3 meters above sea level
 Typhoon/hurricane damage will increase by 10-26% for each
1 degree warming of sea
 Deforestation (17-20% of GHG emissions)
 Global Humanitarian Forum estimates CC already
killing 100-300,000 people annually
May 2010
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Why ICTs Matter
 ICTs (excluding
broadcasting)
contribute an
estimated 2-3% of
global Greenhouse
Gas emissions
 Around 0.9 ton
GtCO2e in 2007
 Telecoms contributed
around one quarter of
this total
 Airplanes and shipping
about 3% each
Source: Gartner Group
May 2010
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What trends do ICTs have at the
device level?
 Market doubles every 5 years
 E.g. Broadband expanding to more users
 Until market saturates
 Then upgrades replace “obsolete” devices
 New devices become a “must have”
 E.g. HDTV, Smartphones
 Annual growth rate of internet traffic is high
 1.8 billion Internet users worldwide
 Highest growth in data traffic; Internet of things
 All three trends increase ICT demand for energy
 the GeSI Smart 2020 report predicts growth in ICTs energy use of 70%
over the period 2007-2020
May 2010
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REDUCING ICT SECTOR
EMISSIONS
PCs:
Data Centres:
> Efficiency gains and longer product life.
> Shift from desktops to laptops
> Shift from CRT to LCD screens
> Potential breakthroughs – solid state hard drives,
new LCD screens, new battery technology,
quantum and optical computing
> Higher rates of virtualisation; more efficient
virtualisation architectures
> Low energy cooling
> “Utility”/“cloud” computing, Software as a
service
REDUCING ICT
SECTOR EMISSIONS
Telecoms Devices :
> “Smart” chargers
> 1W or lower standby devices
> Broadband routers and IPTV boxes’ footprint
increases over timeframe due to higher penetration
from small base today
Telecoms Infrastructure:
> New network management tools
> Network optimisation packages
> Solar-powered base stations
> Potential breakthroughs – night battery operation,
natural ventilation, “network sharing”
May 2010
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Mitigating the impact
 Directly, e.g. through energy-saving
 Next-Generation Networks (NGN) should reduce GHG
emissions by 40%
 Modern radio technologies reduce energy consumption
by transmitters ~ 10 times
 Indirectly, e.g. ICTs for carbon abatement
 Video-conferencing to reduce business travel in Europe
by 1% would save 1 m CO2 ton
 Systemically, e.g. by “dematerialisation”
 Intelligent Transport Systems could reduce vehicle
carbon emissions below 130 g per km
May 2010
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Placing Future Data Centres…
•
BT will place Energy Efficient,
Green, Sustainable facilities
based on:
•
Electricity is low cost,
consistent, and available
securely and in an
abundance from
renewable sources
•
Fresh Air and Free Air
cooling can be utilised all
year round
•
Network bandwidth low
latency and high capacity
is readily available and
inexpensive
•
Land is low cost, with
plenty of space for
growth/expansion
•
BT will transform existing
sites as much as possible
to meet the standards of
the new BT green data
centre vision
May 2010
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The Life Cycle of ICT
Hardware
ICT Services
Production
Phase
Resources
Use
Phase
Design
Phase
Recycling
End-of-life
Phase
Residues
Life Cycle of an ICT product
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies calculate the
relevant environmental impacts of the life cycle per
functional unit.
May 2010
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ICTs at work for monitoring climate
change
 WMO World Weather
Watch, incorporating:
 Global Observing
system
 Global Telecom System
 Global Data Processing
system
 Remote sensing
 Environmental monitoring
 Tsunami early-warning system
 Digital climate forecasting models
 GPS-enabled telemetry
 Ubiquitous sensor networks
May 2010
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ICTs for adaptation: ITU Role
 Telecommunications/ICTs for disaster preparedness
 Tampere Convention
 PP-06 Resolutions 36 and 136 on use ICTs for humanitarian
assistance
 WRC Resolutions 646, 647, 673 on use of
radiocommunications for environmental monitoring, public
protection and disaster relief
 WTDC-06 Resolution 34 on the role of ICTs in mitigation of
effects of disasters and humanitarian assistance
 Partnership Coordination Panel on Telecoms for Disaster
Relief (PCP-TDR)
 E.164 country code (888) for UN OCHA
 Recommendations E.106 on call priority and X.1303 on
common alerting protocol
May 2010
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The ICT Enabling Effect
 ICT responsible for 2-3% of global CO2
emissions
 How can we reduce ICT own emissions
 Next Generation Networks
 ICT key to reduce the other 97% of CO2
emissions
 The enabling effect by a factor of five
 ICT as key enabler to reduce emissions in
other sectors
May 2010
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Green ICT covers all activities on
“Green of ICT” & “Green by ICT”
Green of ICT
Green by ICT
CO2 reduction
of infrastructure
and products
in ICT industry
CO2 reduction
through convergence
with ICT
in other industries
May 2010
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GREEN By ICT
The opportunities
where ICT could play a
driving role include:
• Smart grid
• Smart buildings
• Smart logistics
• Smart motor systems
• Dematerialisation
May 2010
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DEMATERIALISATION
The substitution of high
carbon products and
activities with low carbon
alternatives:
> Replacing face-to-face meetings
with tele- and videoconferencing
> Remote working
> Paper with email/online billing
> CDs with online music
May 2010
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SMART BUILDINGS
 Global building emissions responsible for 8% total emissions in 2002
(3.36 GtCO2e) - 11.7 GtCO2e if energy to run buildings is included.
SMART BUILDINGS

Technologies used to make the
design, construction and operations
of buildings more efficient,
applicable to both new and existing
property.

Building management systems
(BMS) run heating and cooling
systems.

Software to switch off PCs,
monitors and lights when not in
use.

Improved building design for
energy efficiency.
May 2010
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SMART GRIDS
 Power sector responsible for 24% global emissions in 2002.
 Expected to be responsible for 14.26 GtCO2e in 2020.
SMART GRIDS

Smart meters – customer information on
energy use

Interactive energy generation

Advanced grid management systems

Demand management systems (dynamic
demand)

Reduce transmissions and distribution (T&D)
losses

Integration of renewables
May 2010
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ITU-T and Climate Change:
Setting the Standard
 FG on ICT&CC concluded with 4 Deliverables in March 2009.
 Inputs from non-ITU members (e.g. academia) were also taken into
considerations
 Mandate of SG5 was expanded at the last TSAG (2830 April 2009)
 New SG 5 title: Environment and climate change
 SG5 created a new WP 3/5
 All SGs examining impact of recommendations on climate change
 SGs developing standards for new energy efficient technologies
 E.g. SG 13 on Next Generation Networks
 NGN estimated to be 40% more energy efficient
May 2010
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Universal charger
 ITU standardized-approval
process for new
Recommendation L.1000
 Delivers 50% reduction in
standby energy consumption,
eliminates 51,000 ton of
redundant chargers, and cuts
GHG emissions by 13.6 million
ton CO2 annually
 Current version covers charger
for mobile terminals but will
cover other ICT devices in
future
May 2010
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ITU-T: Building Knowledge on Climate
Change
 ITU-T issued major Technology Watch Reports on Climate
Change and positive impact of new technologies
 Next Generation Networks, Intelligent Transport Systems, etc.
 Organizing Major Symposia on ICT and CC
 2008: Kyoto and London
 2009: Quito and Seoul (virtual event)
 ITU-T pioneering energy efficient work methods
 Paperless meetings, on-line work tools, etc.
 ITU-T leading Dynamic Coalition on Internet and Climate
Change as part of IGF
May 2010
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