Transcript The PACT EAC Project: an introduction.

By Julien Grollier
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
THE PACT EAC PROJECT

PACT EAC stands for “Promoting Agriculture-Climate-Trade linkages in the East
African Community”

It will build the capacity of EAC stakeholders to implement sound policies to harness the
potential of trade in reducing poverty and hunger in the face of climate change.

A 3-year project (2011-2014) undertaken by CUTS International Geneva and
regional partners in the five EAC member countries, i.e. Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,
Tanzania and Uganda.

Two separate but synergetic segments for human and institutional capacity
building of EAC stakeholders.

A Project Advisory Committee (PAC) will supervise the implementation of the
project and provides guidance and feedback .
Implemented by
In partnership with
With funding support from
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE
1. Why this project ?
2. Segment One : Capacity Building for adaptation
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Objectives
Policy Research
Training
Advocacy
3. Segment Two : EAC Geneva Forum
 Objectives
 Implementation
4. Networking: Building a critical mass of actors
5. Work plan
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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WHY THIS PROJECT?
1.
EAST AFRICANS: HUNGRY FOOD PRODUCERS
Rain-fed agriculture is the mainstay of EAC countries’ economies
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80% East Africans rely on agriculture for their living, mainly smallholders
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Countries dependent on agriculture sector for revenue, employment and food security
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The region has a huge potential and capacity to produce enough food for regional
consumption and a large surplus for export to the world market
Paradoxically, about 4 in 10 East Africans are undernourished.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
1.
EAST AFRICANS: HUNGRY FOOD PRODUCERS
Some reasons:

Climate-reliant, low agricultural productivity: High variability in production due to high
variability of weather; frequent extreme weather events;
 Markets and Trade: Low producer prices making agriculture less remunerative; Uncertainty in
income flows due to price volatility in agricultural commodities; Inadequate food trade between
surplus and deficit areas
 Infrastructure & Technology: Low levels of technology adoption by smallholder farmers
(fertilizer, improved seeds etc.) ; Inadequate infrastructure such as transport, communications,
storage and processing facilities leading to high post harvest losses etc.
 Policy & Institutions: Inadequate and weak farmer’s institutions incapable of supporting a
vibrant agricultural sector; Inadequate institutional support to livestock and fisheries
 Information: Inadequate flow of information on the adverse climate change impacts and
actions to the producers
1.
INTRODUCTION
WHY
THIS PROJECT?
PROJECTED EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN
EAST AFRICA
Sub-Saharan Africa is likely to face above
average global warming, leading to dryer
dry months and wetter wet months.
Climate change will change the pattern
and magnitude of precipitation leading to
changing patterns of agricultural
production and trade.
This will worsen the food security situation
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY INDEX 2011
Source: Maplecroft
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WHY THIS PROJECT?
PROJECTED EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN EAST
AFRICA
 Unpredictable rainfalls: more floods and droughts destructing crops or reducing
productivity, leading to food shortages. Increased extreme weather events.
 Water shortages: Kilimanjaro glacier will disappear by 2020; sea-level rise leading to
changed ecology of coastal areas; river flow declining; all this leading to water scarcity
for drinking, irrigation and hydropower ;
 Less food production: Less supportive conditions for the production of current staple
food crops; warmer lake waters altering eco-systems and unsuitable for many fish
species.
 Food insecurity: lower and unpredictable production and productivity; higher food
prices due to shortages ;
 Changing production patterns and increased relevance of trade: Trade patterns
will change as production patterns change; East Africa will probably have to import
more food as a result of climate change.
Need for adaptation and mitigation policies to cope with these
challenges
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
ADAPTATION MEASURES: THE POTENTIAL OF
TRADE
Reducing Climate-induced Food insecurity
 Freer trade in goods: greater production efficiencies; lower prices ;
 Freer trade in services: affordable acquisition of technology, infrastructural
services and knowledge that can improve competitiveness
 Food imports: Increased availability and affordability of staple food, but
poses other challenges
 Export-led growth: Increased livelihood options and demand for labour and
business opportunities in transport, processing, trading, etc; Generation of
export revenue from non-food products will facilitate food imports for food
scarce regions; Niche export crops are labour intensive and create new
livelihoods for poor producers despite climate change
 Multilateral rules: WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) allows expenditure
by developing country governments to maintain food security stocks (not
treated as a subsidy)
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
MITIGATION MEASURES: THE POTENTIAL OF
TRADE
Contributing to climate change mitigation
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Encouraging trade in organic products,
Facilitated access to energy-efficient transportation,
Reducing GHG emissions by increasing regional trade
Increase the availability of resources and technologies to plan and
implement mitigation and adaptation policies
Etc.
 Need to increase knowledge of trade-climate
change linkages in the region
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
TRADE: RELATED RISKS
Effects of increased trade
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Increased exports can disproportionately affect subsistence farmers, mostly
women
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Lower revenues through customs duties might reduce resources to deal with food
security and climate change challenges
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Trade liberalization measures might lead to immediate increase in imports rather
than exports
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Can directly contribute to larger greenhouse gas emissions
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
TRADE: POLICY CHALLENGES
Multilateral rules
Subsidized food production in OECD countries are allowed by the WTO Agreement on
Agriculture (AoA) and can depress international food prices
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discourages investment in EAC food production
cheap food imports can displace domestic production, particularly by small and
subsistence farmers.
No mandatory provision against export prohibitions in AoA, whereby a country willing to
ensure domestic food security impacts that of other countries negatively
Strict global standards for patents and lack of protection of bio-diversity, genetic resources
and traditional knowledge under the TRIPs Agreement

can potentially impede the transfer of required mitigation/adaptation technologies to
EAC countries at affordable prices.
 EAC countries need to participate effectively in the WTO to
redress these challenges.
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
EAC INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
EAC countries have strived to develop regional policies to deal
with these challenges, including:
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EAC Common Market Protocol, which entered into force in July 2010. It provides for
free movement of labour, goods, services, capital, and the right of establishment within
the EAC.
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Preparations towards the establishment of an East African Monetary Union by 2012
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The EAC Food Security Action Plan (2011-2015), which serves as a guide to the
implementation and actualization of the regional food security objective
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The EAC Climate Change Policy, which is being implemented
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A Climate Change Master Plan and Strategy is being prepared
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
REMAINING GAPS
Lack of holistic policies
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No regional policy addresses all three issues in an inclusive manner
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Limited capacity of the EAC Secretariat to comprehensively examine climate change,
food security, and trade issues, and hence to develop adequate and holistic policy
responses in consultation with relevant stakeholders
Knowledge and advocacy gaps
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Trade-climate change linkages in the region are little understood and need to be
investigated
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Existing information about the interface between food security-climate-trade need to be
better disseminated to stakeholders in the EAC
WHY THIS PROJECT?
1.
REMAINING GAPS
Lack of multi-stakeholder participation
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Region-wide, multi-stakeholder networks that are crucial for this endeavour have not been
fully developed
Lack of coordination at the WTO
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Although EAC countries are active participants in international trade and are members of
the WTO, they do not formally coordinate their negotiating positions
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Geneva-based delegates lack direct connections to the grassroots in their countries
1.
WHY THIS PROJECT?
ADDRESSING THE GAPS
Segment One
Segment Two
Building the capacity of EAC stakeholders to
cope with the challenge of climate change on
food security through trade
A Bi-Monthly Forum for Substantive Support of
EAC Geneva missions and Grassroots Linkages
 Increasing knowledge of stakeholders
 Facilitating the capacity of EAC Geneva
mission delegates for a well-informed and
active participation in the WTO
 Increasing capacity of stakeholders to
develop adequate policies
 Better stakeholder interactions for
coordinated responses
 Facilitating development and
implementation of regional policies and
plans by the EAC Secretariat
 Improving linkages between EAC Geneva
missions and the grassroots in the region
 More inclusive and coherent approach to
trade and related issues by relevant
stakeholders
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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2.
SEGMENT ONE: CAPACITY BUILDING OF EAC STAKEHOLDERS
ACTIVITIES AT A GLANCE
Policy research on issues related to trade, food
security and climate change in the EAC, including on
trade policy and trade politics to fill the current
knowledge gaps
Training of stakeholders to build their capacities to
understand and deal with climate change impact on
food security including through tailored trade policies
and measures
Awareness-raising and advocacy to disseminate
knowledge and information among the stakeholders
on the issue with a view to persuading them regarding
the need to adopt adequate and holistic policies and
strategies
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6 research studies
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Training manuals and materials
3 regional training workshops
10 national training workshops
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12 Policy Briefs
30 advocacy messages targeted at key
stakeholders
Media releases
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 Networking among stakeholders
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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2.
SEGMENT ONE: CAPACITY BUILDING OF EAC STAKEHOLDERS
POLICY RESEARCH
Why ?
to fill the knowledge gaps on climate
change-food security-trade linkages among
the stakeholders in the EAC.
How ?
6 teams of 3 national researchers, experts
in all the three areas, will build upon and
synthesise existing research, before
undertaking field research in collaboration
with relevant research institutions (e.g.
FARA, CCAFS)
Research Outputs
5 country studies
1 regional study on trade policy and trade
politics and its relationship with climate change
and food security issues in the EAC.
Synergies
The research outputs will be used for other
outputs:
short advocacy documents to increase the
understanding of all stakeholders;
training materials for the training workshops
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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2.
SEGMENT ONE: CAPACITY BUILDING OF EAC STAKEHOLDERS
POLICY RESEARCH : OBJECTIVES
Identify
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negative and positive elements of climate change that hamper or enhance food security in
the countries
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negative and positive elements of trade in goods and services that hamper or enhance
adaptation to climate change
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positive linkages where trade can minimize the negative impacts of climate change on
food security
Analyse
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interactions of climate-trade-food-security policies currently in place in the EAC countries
Recommend
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concrete policy recommendations that help to adapt and to mitigate climate changeinduced food security challenges by employing trade
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2.
SEGMENT ONE: CAPACITY BUILDING OF EAC STAKEHOLDERS
TRAINING
Why ?
to increase the technical capacities of a
critical mass of stakeholders to deal with these
issues, including through appropriate policy
formulation and implementation.
Training Outputs
 3 regional training workshops
10 national training workshops with help fro
local partners
Training Manuals and Materials
How ?
Expert
partners will develop training
materials, with inputs from project research.
These will be used in national and regional
training workshops conducted in collaboration
with local partners. Training materials will also
be made available to other organizations for
use in their respective training programmes.
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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SEGMENT ONE: CAPACITY BUILDING OF EAC STAKEHOLDERS
2.
ADVOCACY
Advocacy Outputs:
Why?
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 12 Policy Briefs
to disseminate knowledge and information
about climate change-food security-trade
linkages among the stakeholders
to persuade about the need to adopt adequate
and holistic policies and strategies.
To communicate about relevant aspects of the
research findings
To target the right stakeholders with the right
messages
 Action alerts
 Media releases
How?
Short publications based on research outputs
disseminated through local partners and the project
networks to ensure greater outreach and impact.
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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SEGMENT TWO: THE EAC GENEVA FORUM
3.
AN EAC FORUM IN GENEVA
Delegates from Geneva-based WTO missions of EAC
countries will meet once every two months at CUTS Office
Agenda item 1
Agenda Item 2
Substantive issue under discussion /
negotiation at the WTO identified by EAC
delegates
Update from the region focusing on latest
developments regarding EAC regional
integration and other relevant issues issues.
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5 Country update notes by project partners
with grassroots consultations
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1 Regional Update note by CUTS ARC
Nairobi
1 analytical note by CUTS on a substantive
issue under discussion at the WTO
 Any issue identified by stakeholders
 Identification and follow-up of action points
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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3.
SEGMENT TWO: THE EAC GENEVA FORUM
FORUM OBJECTIVES
 Improving the capacity of EAC Geneva mission delegates
for a well-informed and active participation in the WTO
 Improving linkages between EAC Geneva missions and the
grassroots in the region
 More inclusive and coherent approach to trade and related
issues by relevant stakeholders, i.e. EAC Geneva missions
delegates, EAC Secretariat, and stakeholders in EAC
countries
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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3.
SEGMENT TWO: THE EAC GENEVA FORUM
PRINCIPLES
Demand –Driven
Focusing on
issues identified
by the
beneficiaries
Maintaining
neutrality and
balance
PRINCIPLES
Recognizing
inter-linkages of
issues and for a
Linking Geneva
with capitals and
grassroots
Adopting new
modes of
delivery to meet
the real needs
in the current
scenario
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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3.
SEGMENT TWO: THE EAC GENEVA FORUM
VISITS OF REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS
Delegates from the region, including from the EAC Secretariat,
will be invited to the Forum meetings around key WTO events
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Better participation of regional and national policy-makers in international events
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Better understanding of on-going work in Geneva
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Opportunity to meet directly with their delegates and other stakeholders based in
Geneva
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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NETWORKING: BUILDING A CRITICAL MASS OF ACTORS
4.
BUILDING A CRITICAL MASS OF CONCERNED
ACTORS
Networks involving all stakeholders
for:
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Wider impact of advocacy
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Reflecting the concerns of all actors in all project
activities
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Building ownership over project recommendations
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Effective information-sharing among them
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Creating a platform that connects policy-makers
with the grassroots
Regular events:
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Regional Annual Meetings
NRG meetings
National & Regional Training workshops
Final International conference in Geneva
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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4.
NETWORKING: BUILDING A CRITICAL MASS OF ACTORS
NATIONAL REFERENCE GROUPS (NRGs)
A multi-stakeholder NRG will be constituted in each project country,
coordinated by the respective country partner
NRGs will be involved at all stages, including in:
 2 NRG meetings per year in each country
 Identifying research gaps and capacity building needs
 Designing and reviewing research studies
 Reviewing training programmes and materials
 Participating in training workshops
 Disseminating advocacy outputs and media releases
Networks composed of representatives from Academia, Business associations, Civil
Society Organizations, Diplomatic missions in Geneva, EAC Secretariat, Farmers
associations, Governments, Intergovernmental Organizations, Media, Public Sector
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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4.
NETWORKING: BUILDING A CRITICAL MASS OF ACTORS
JOIN PACT EAC ONLINE!
www.cuts-geneva.org/pacteac
NRG members can meet on this
interactive website and:
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Create a profile
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Find potential partners
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Share documents
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Create and participate in discussions
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Create and participate in events
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Advertise their work
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Find the latest information about the project
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Etc.
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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5.
WORK PLAN
PROGRESS AS OF FEBRUARY 2012
GENERAL
SEGMENT ONE
SEGMENT TWO
Building the capacity of EAC
stakeholders to cope with the
challenge of climate change on
food security through trade
A Bi-Monthly Forum for
Substantive Support of EAC
Geneva missions and
Grassroots Linkages
 Launch cocktail with
Geneva-based delegates
 Drafts research ToRs
circulated
 1st & 2nd EAC Geneva Forum
meetings
 Partners contracted
 Training needs assessment
questionnaire circulated
 National stakeholders
attended WTO MC8
 4 communiqués released
 10 country update notes
 2 regional update notes
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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5.
WORK PLAN
2012 MILESTONES
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
5 country studies
start
Project
Inception
Meeting
5 country studies
finalised
5 NRG
Meetings
Regional
Annual
Meeting
5 NRG
Meetings
PAC
meeting
Regional Study
start
PAC
meeting
Training
Programme
Finalised
EAC
Forum
EAC
Forum
EAC
Forum
EAC
Forum
EAC
Forum
EAC
Forum
PACT EAC PROJECT: AN INTRODUCTION
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www.cuts-geneva.org/pacteac
WITH FUNDING SUPPORT FROM SWEDISH
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY