Transcript Presentation Name - Department of Conferences and Meetings

Richard Huber
Department of Sustainable Development
SEDI
Enhancing the Security of Small Island States
Washington DC
March 27, 2014
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OAS General Assembly and
Summit Resolutions
AG/RES. 2006 (XXXIV-O/04)Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean
AG/RES. 2112 (XXXV-O/05)Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean
AG/RES. 2187 (XXXVI-O/06)
Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean
AG/RES. 2325 (XXXVII-O/07)
Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean
AG/RES. 2397 (XXXVIII-O/08)
Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean
AG/RES. 2485 (XXXIX-O/09) SPECIAL SECURITY CONCERNS OF THE SMALL ISLAND
STATES
OF THE CARIBBEAN
AG/RES. 2735 (XLII-O/12)Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach
-Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the Caribbean
AG/RES. 2809 (XLIII-O/13)
Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional
Approach
-Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the Caribbean
Declaration of Commitment of Port of Spain of the Fifth Summit of the Americas, “that it is
important to address the threats, concerns, and challenges to security in the Hemisphere that are
diverse, multidimensional in scope, and impact on the well-being of our citizens; that violence is
preventable; and that climate change has adverse effects on all countries of the Hemisphere, in
particular, on small island states and countries with low-lying coastal areas”
AG/RES. 2588 (XL-O/10)
CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE
HEMISPHERE
Security Consequences*
Causes of Environmental Stress
State Failu re
Aggravating
Factors
Influential
Factors
social,
poitical,
economic
Natural
Conditions
In comb ination with
Territorial Loss
Human Ha rm
Violent Conflict
Policy
Challenges
Resource Claims
Resource Depletion
Resource Degradation
may
lead
to
Economic Loss
In comb ination with
Dispute
Natural
Events
Instability
Governance
frameworks may
intervene to address
consequences or
prevent escalation
* - Note that these consequences
may arise and interact
independently, and the relationship
is not necessarily linear
An opportunity…
Using energy more efficiently is vital for ...
Climate
Protection
=
Economic Growth &
& Employment
Opportunities
+
Energy
Independence
& Security
The climate protection of our Planet is in
everyone’s hands
4
National Energy Policy Development
Target quotas at least 5% of electricity generated
in 2013, 15% in 2015, 30% in 2020 originated from
renewable energy sources. Saint Lucia
Grenada
St. Vincent
and the
Grenadines
(NEP 2009
and SEAP
2010)
Saint
Lucia
(NEP
2011)
St. Kitts
and Nevis
(NEP and
SEP 2011)
Bahamas
Dominica
Antigua
and
Barbuda
(NEP/EAP
2014?)
(NEP
2014?)
(NEP 2011,
EAP 2014?)
(NEP 2011)
http://www.oas.org/en/sedi/dsd/Energy/CSEP.asp
Regulatory Development
Saint Lucia (Final draft
Geothermal Resource
Develop. Bill 2012)
Grenada (Final draft
Geothermal Resource
Develop. Bill 2012)
St. Lucia Final stakeholder consultation on Geothermal
bill. Oct. 2011.
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(Final draft Geothermal
Resource Develop. Bill 2012)
Education and Awareness
Train science teachers to educate school students on the importance of renewable
energy and use of energy more efficiently.
Sustainable energy project development
Demonstration projects – Renewable Energy Technologies
PV systems
administrative
building
(Vincent and the Grenadines)
PV systems Shirley
Heights National Park
(Antigua and Barbuda)
PV System National
Energy Commission
(Dominican Republic)
Co-financed by CREDP/GIZ
Sustainable energy project development
Demonstration projects – Energy Efficiency
Certified Energy Manager training
course
(hosted by CARILEC and facilitated by
AEE)
Energy audits in office buildings
(Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica,
Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis (both
islands)
Hand-over the energy audit tools to the National
audit Team in Dominica
Retrofit Government buildings
(Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines)
LED Retrofit at the Ministry of Infrastructure, Port
Services and Transport in Saint Lucia
Ecosystem Change
Direct drivers growing in intensity
State of the Oceans and Oceans
Health Index 2012
• 85% of fisheries
overexpoloited
• 35% of mangroves
converted
• 20% of coral reefs
destroyed
• 250,000 square miles of
dead zones
• Fisheries could increase
120b to 900b
Marginal Cost ($/ton of C)
Marginal Cost Policies for Improved
Coastal Zone Management
Forest Carbon Emissions
Establish certified
tradeable offset carbon
sequesration program
Taxes and fees that restrict
charcoal, ag & cattle
expansion, logging on steep
slopes
Establish no-take
zones & tradeable
permits to protect
strategic fisheries
Renewable energy financed
through tax on gasoline
Policies that reduce
overfishing,
promote green
tourism and Ag.
Public and private
investments that have positive
net economic benefits but
require institutional
monitoring
Co-management land tenure
security of mangroves
Promote user-pays, polluter
pays principles
Elimination of subsidies for energy
inputs, pesticides, fertilizers, and
irrigation water
Improved Coastal Zone Ecosystem Health
Policies that have no net
financial costs for Governments
and that contribute to both
economic efficiency and
environmental protection.
Energy and Climate Change Partnership:
Sustainable Communities in Central America
and the Caribbean
OAS-DSD is implementing projects that contribute to:
• Community-based renewable and clean energy and
energy efficiency
• Sustainable Transport
• Waste management, recycling and improved waste
water management (including e-waste, Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle and Cradle to Cradle Technologies)
• Resilience to Natural Hazards
• Promote cross-sectoral integration of investments in
urban areas through improved participatory planning and
monitoring at the local, municipal, and state levels.
Low carbon Economies
Cost Effective Interventions
• Potable Water and Sewage
• Active Water System Leak Detection and Pressure Management
• Improve Efficiency of Water Pumps and Motors
• Water Efficient Fixtures and Fittings
•Improved sewage lagoons and retrofit trickling filter plant
• Transport
• Public Transport Development
• Municipal Bus Fleet Efficiency
• Traffic Flow Optimization
• Buildings
• Mandating Building Energy Efficiency Codes for New Buildings
• Municipal office Audit and Retrofit Program
• Public Lighting
• Street lighting timing system
• Street lighting audit and retrofit
Lots of data
Improved decision making
Natural Environment before Development
Healthy
Impact on Ecosystem after Development
Deforestation
and filling of swamps
increases run-off to the inland bay
Increased run-off clouds water and blankets reefs with
sediments and nutrients, decreasing reef’s energy system
Degraded
Threats to Coral Reefs
• Pollution
• Sedimentation
• Unsustainable fishing
• Habitat destruction
• Disease
• Coral bleaching
Sediment Plumes
Black Band Disease
Coral Bleaching
What Triggers ICZM program?
• Decentralization and local autonomy Debt-Swap
• Desire to increase economic benefits flowing
from use of the Coastal Zone
• Serious resource depletion problems and
damage to productive coastal areas increasing
pollution of marine environment and loss of life
and property
• Perceived economic opportunities associated
with new forms of development
• conflicts of interest among user groups
Caracol Bay MPA (Proposed) Haiti
Marine Management Poster Curriculum
CORAL FARMING METHODS:
Culturing Mother Colonies
NEWLY REPLANTED
SECOND GENERATION
MOTHER COLONIES
5cm wire mesh
Established 14 months
after planting and ready for
trimming in 3-4 months
From finger-sized
fragments it takes less than
two years to get full-sized
mother colonies!
South Roatan, Honduras
Ten months of growth and ready for trimming
for second generation experiments
ReefFIX Projects based on
demand from Countries
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Cost effective analysis of most efficient interventions such
as sewage treatment vs watershed management,
reforestation or solid waste management
Cost recovery mechanisms such as hotel bed tax or tourism
tax (1% of tourism value added tax. ($1/$100 to protect
reasons that tourists come.)
Policy and legislation necessary for the implementation of a
payments for a ecosystem services project
System Plan of most representative marine ecosystems to
meet Grenada Declaration put 25 percent of near-shore
marine and 25 percent of terrestrial natural resources under
effective conservation by 2020 under the Grenada
Declaration