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LOW EMISSION VEHICLE EXHIBITION &
CONFERENCE, MILLENNIUM SQUARE
OCT 7TH 2010, LEEDS
LOW EMISSION LEEDS CITY REGION
Presented by:
Dave Cherry MIOA, IEMA, CEnv.
Environmental Assessment Manager
Transport Policy
City Development
Leeds City Council
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
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Why Climate Change is Man’s Greatest Threat
Will we Comply with EC Directives for Air Quality?
Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
Regional Group Initiatives for Low Emission Strategies
Draft West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan 2011-26
Leeds Initiatives for Promotion of Low Emission Vehicles
Levels of Climate Change
□ Serious climate change,
global surface temp rise
+2C to +3C
□ Dangerous climate
change = +3C to +5C
□ Catastrophic climate
change = >5C
Impact of 4 Degree Celsius Rise in Global Surface Temperature
□ Land saturation & flash overland run-off
RECENT CLIMATE RISKS IN LEEDS CITY REGION
GALES 2007
FLOODS 2007
BLIZZARD 2005
Going Beyond Dangerous Climate Change!
□ Attended lecture by Prof Kevin Anderson/Director of
Tyndall Centre (Leeds Uni, May 4th, 2010)
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Emergency situation, GHG’s increased by 3.5%/pa between
2000-2007.
Must consider cumulative effect of emissions/time
Copenhagen/EU/UK all still assuming +2C could be avoided
Need global 10%/pa reduction in GHG, after peak oil ~2020,
to hold at +2C (Huge lifestyle changes to reduce GHG’s)
Present projections indicate +4C (Unstable + Feedbacks)
□ Urgent need to reduce GHG’s & Climate Proof against
unavoidable Climate Change
Air Quality Problems in Leeds City Region
□ UK Environmental Audit Committee 2009/10
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Air pollution related premature deaths in UK, at least 35,000
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Typically reduces life expectancy in UK by 7 to 8 months
Recognised there is no safe exposure level
□ Particulate matter (PM2.5)
□ Annual Health Costs incurred by Poor Air Quality
(DEFRA: Approx £15 billion in the UK)
□ Non Compliance of EC Directive for Air Quality
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Most conurbations in LCR will fail Directive for NO2
Government applying for EU Compliance Flexibility!
Air Quality Problems in Leeds City Region
□ Most conurbations in LCR have declared AQMA’s
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Failure to meet health based standards for NO2 & PM10
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Little improvement since year 2000
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Significant improvements for PM (Particulate traps)
Increased proportion of NO2, within total NOx
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Greatest source of urban NO2 & Pm10/2.5
Transport emits 24% of LCR total carbon emissions
Need complimentary actions to reduce transport
emissions of both carbon & air pollutants
□ Trend in Urban Air Quality/NO2
□ Modern Diesels (Euro 4+)
□ Transport Emissions
York
declared
YorkCC
CChave
have
declared 6 AQMA’s
Annual Average NO2 for Leeds AURN Site
Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
□ Strategic/Council Business/Asset Mangt Plans
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UK target for 80% reduction in CO2 by 2050, baseline 1991/2
Must reduce carbon footprint/promote sustainable transport
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NI 185: Target to reduce Council Operations CO2 by 3.4%,
between 2008/9 & 2010/11 (Achieved)
Commitment to cut CO2 by 40%, between 2008/9 & 2020/21
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Develop Low Carbon Transport System
Target for 2026, to reduce carbon emissions by 27%
Achieve National Air Quality Objectives for NO2 & Pm10
□ Leeds Climate Change Action Plan 2009
□ Draft West Yorks Local Transport Plan 2011-26
Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
□ Leeds Environmental Policy 2008/11
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Promotes Sustainable Transport Systems
Need to reduce Ecological & Carbon footprints
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Compliance of UK/EC Air Quality Regs/Directive for NO2/PM10
Compliance of the EC Directive for NO2
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Developing Leeds Waste Management Plan, considering
Energy from Waste & Anaerobic Digestion
□ National Air Quality Strategy 2000
□ Development of New Waste Strategy
□ Environmental Noise Directive
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DEFRA West Yorkshire Road Noise Maps, identify First Priority
Locations for noise mitigation
Regional Group Initiatives for LCR
□ Promote the use of Low Emission Vehicles in LCR.
(This event hosted by Leeds, funded by LESP)
□ Promote the Plugged in Places (Electric vehicles) bid for
LCR & Yorkshire, (Matthew Lunsden/Sally Herbert)
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CO2Sense Yorkshire/ Y&H Electric Vehicle Supply Chain Event)
□ York is developing an overarching Low Emission
strategy across all Council Services
□ The development of a Template Supplementary
Planning Document for Air Quality
□ ITS/Leeds University, working with LCR Local
Authorities, to improve techniques for monitoring &
modelling of vehicle emissions
Vision for Draft West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan
2011-2026
Objectives
Low Carbon
Economic
growth
Quality of life
Evidence Base
Carbon
challenges
Economic
challenges
Quality of life
challenges
Strategy
Assets
Choices
Connectivity
Implementation
15 Year Priority Plan
3 Year Implementation Plan
Enhancements
Draft WYLTP3 2011-2026
Relevant Carbon Challenges
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Reduce single car occupancy (Improve PT/Smart Travel etc)
Reduce energy consumption
Encourage new low emission technologies/infrastructure
DfT Research suggest LTP measures may provide 30%
carbon savings, 70% likely from Low Carbon vehicles
□ Relevant Quality of Life Challenges
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Improve air quality
Reduce transport related environmental noise
Reduce impact on the natural environment
Draft WYLTP3 2011-2026
□ WYLTP3: Develop Strategies to deliver/maintain:
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Transport Assets
Travel Choices
Efficient travel connectivity
Enhancements to the transport system
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Carbon Reduction
Emissions Reduction (Air pollutants & noise)
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Will identify adverse impacts/mitigate emissions
□ Cross-cutting Implementation Plans to ensure:□ Strategic Urban Modelling/Integrated SA:-
Leeds City Council
Business Transport Carbon Emissions
14,477 Tonnes in 2007
Fleet - Other
14%
Welfare Taxis
7%
Grey Fleet
16%
Parks &
Countryside
10%
Fleet Buses &
Minibuses
10%
Fleet HGVs (>3.5t)
29%
Whizz Go
0%
Fleet Cars
1%
Fleet Vans
13%
65No. RCV’s, 3.5mpg, 1.56 million litres,
Leeds Biomethane Trial
□ 6 Month Technology Demo Trial, supported by Cenex
□ Assessed performance of Dedicated Gas & Dual-Fuel
Engine Technology, applied to 26 tonne RCV
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Agreed KPI’s for 6 month trial, comparison with Diesel variant
Chassis Reliability: (Routine servicing, Breakdown times,
Driver defects)
Driver Acceptability: (Comparison of adverse problems)
10% Reduction in CO2 (Based on fuel consumption)
No increase in Noise: (Noise monitoring, idling, waste
compression)
Dedicated Gas/ Mercedes Econic
□ EEV Performance
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Significantly reduced NOx and near zero PM10
Approx 60% reduction in CO2 (Biomethane from Surrey)
Noise reductions of 6-11dB(A) (Half as loud)
□ Common Application in EU, was first RHD in UK
□ 100% reliant upon gas supply
□ Disruption due to 11 week strike & poor winter!
□ Performed well, initially slightly less powerful,
later improvements, want to keep for 3-5 years
□ Annual CO2 saving ~32 tonnes WtW (60%)
or, 7.6 tonnes Tailpipe (16%)
Dual Fuel/Dennis Eagle
□ New technology (Oil ignition/gas injection) initially
developed & by Hardstaff Group for long haul duties.
□ Retains Original Diesel Engine
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Uses Engine Management Technology to substitute a
percentage of diesel with gas
□ Will operate as diesel only if no gas
□ Pro-rata reduction of CO2 and air pollutant
emissions, dependant on diesel substitution
□ Not performing well! Jury still out, RCV drive cycle
may not be best application!
The Mercedes Econic RCV
The Dennis Eagle RCV
Mercedes Econic RCV
(As seen on BBC Look North)
The Trial Refuelling Infrastructure
□ Infrastructure supplied by Gas Container Services
□ Biomethane supplied by Gasrec (Surrey Landfill)
□ Cost of Wet Leasing can be expensive!
(But need to prove Biomethane RCV’s are reliable)
□ Rather complicated ‘Semi Fast fill’ system
□ System works, with practice can refuel in 5/10 mins
□ Trial extended 3 months due to strike/weather
□ Gas flow meter installed to help accuracy on gas use
Gas Container Services
Infrastructure, only 100%
certified Biomethane source
in UK
Vehicle Procurement Issues
□ Vehicle premiums can be quite high
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RCV + £25K (~35% premium)
Small van + £3k to +£5k (20-25% premium)
□ Existing fuel price differentials suggest pay back for
Gas RCV within 5 years, aided by high fuel use of RCV.
(Assumes 87p/kg, no gas station costs)
□ Need to consider ‘Whole Life’ costs & slight payload loss
□ Residual Values are untested in UK
□ Leeds taking an active in Procurement Guidance WG
(Will aid group procurement/reduced premium costs)
Operational Issues
□ The Operation of Gas vehicles involves more than
simply purchasing the vehicles
□ Initially requires local main dealer support
□ Longer term, may require in-house workshop
alterations and suitable training of Mechanics and
Drivers
□ Health and Safety Requirements
□ Up to 10% reduced payloads, risks of double shifts,
or extra vehicles
Permanent Refuelling Station
Chicken and Egg!
□ Operation of vehicles need reliable/secure fuel supply.
□ Investment in refuelling infrastructure can be difficult
to justify whilst operating a small No. of vehicles
□ Change from small Nos. of vehicles to a “critical mass”
is difficult without suitable refuelling infrastructure.
□ Working with Cenex, to understand optimum vehicles
Nos/size of station/investment strategy.
Use of IGP for Gas Refuelling Station
□ IGP bid for £75K accepted July, provides match funding
to enable procurement of own gas refuelling.
□ LTP2 has recently approved 25% funding
□ Awaiting final decision for remaining 25%, using Leeds
Energy Efficiency Fund
□ If successful, a permanent station sited in RCV depot
□ Will enable Leeds fleet to procure more gas vehicles
□ Facility available to 3rd parties, but H&S issues would
limit Nos.
□ Potential RGI partners to operate/trial gas vehicles
Other Biomethane Initiatives for LCR
□ Aspiration to set up a Strategic Gas Refuelling Station
□ Possible site, Aire Valley Leeds/Urban Eco-settlement,
proposed Renewable Energy Park, close to M1.
□ Links with developing Leeds Waste Strategy
□ Build on Leeds Biomethane trials/RGI initiatives, invite
to work with DfT Biofuels Team,
□ Looking for additional RGI Partners? (YAS, Sainsbury's,
Leeds City College, Quarry House & Yorkshire Water)
□ Need long term local source of Biomethane
Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement
Programme (LCVPP)
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The LCVPP aims to accelerate the introduction of lower carbon
technologies onto the UK vehicle market.
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Opportunity to demonstrate the real-world performance of low
carbon technologies in high profile public sector fleets.
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£20m available to meet premium costs of procuring LC vehicles
□ Under the LCVPP, Leeds currently trialling:□
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19no. Diesel Electric Hybrids (Ashwoods/Ford Transit
5no. All electric plug ins (Smiths / Ford Transit)
Will monitor performance & compare with diesel variant
LCVPP: Recharging of Smith’s Electric &
Ashwood’s Hybrid Transit Van
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Other Leeds Fleet Initiatives
□ Fleet driver training, includes MiDAS & SAFED Eco-
driving techniques/Cert of Prof Competence
□ Use of Masternaut to improve journey planning
□ 6 Welfare Minibus Merc Sprinters, using Eco Stop/Start
□ Trialling Fuel-Save/On Demand
Hydrogen Generator
□ Trialled tyre pressure sensors, often seized, now daily
daily tyre pressure checks
□ Lord Mayor’s Toyota Prius
New Generation Transport (NGT)
□ High quality trolleybus system representing ‘step change’
□ High levels of segregation
□ 14.3 kms granted programme entry
□ Essential characteristics include:
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Punctual and reliable
Modern, safe and secure
High quality information
Park & Ride facilities
Fully Accessible
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Expected AM peak 40% modal shift from car, (Including Park Ride)
□ Low emission transport, regeneratic braking
□ Key objective to initiate modal shift
□ Awaiting Government funding decision
Summary of Presentation
□ Urgent action is needed to reduce Transport
related GHG’s emissions
□ Low Emission Vehicle Technologies will
significant reduce transport GHG emissions
□ LEV’s will require supporting Infrastructure
Networks
□ Group Procurement & increased use of LEV’s
will greatly improve economic viability
□ Widespread use of LEV’s will mitigate Climate
Change, improve local air quality & noise
climate