Transcript - iGrid - CSIRO Intelligent Grid Cluster

CSIRO
Energy
Transformed
Flagship
Intelligent
Grid &
Distributed
Energy (DE)
Social
Dimension
Diane Costello – Research Fellow
Prof Daniela Stehlik – Project Manager
Alcoa Research Centre for Stronger
Communities
June, 2008
Disciplinary Background
 Community Psychology – Curtin & Notre
Dame Universities
 Rural & Indigenous communities.
 health, mental health, racism,
discrimination; crime, community
sustainability, policy /program evaluation.
 CSIRO - IG Energy Transformed project
 Social Scientist: “human, socio-political &
economic implications” - LEDE systems.
 “Sustainable Energy: Feasibility of DE
solutions for SMEs in rural communities”
National Study – IG & DE
 EMBED - climate change & human, social,
political change - GHG mitigation.
My ROLE?
 “Intelligent Grid (IG) & DE” -Terry Jones, LEDE
Theme Leader, CSIRO Energy Flagship, NSW.
 “research-halving GHG emissions & doubling
efficiencies -new generation technologies”.
 “future vision for an electricity network in
Australia - DE resources play a critical part”!
 IG “using information, communications and
control technologies to integrate the
electricity network with DE resources.
 DE “distributed/decentralised generation &
use of energy”.
CSIRO & University Partners
1.Technological;2.Economic;3.Social
DE Stand Alone or Connected Main Grid
Distributed Energy DE
 “distributed (decentralised)
generation and use of
energy”.
 POWER “produced at or
near point- consumption.
 DE “small-scale stationary
modular technology
located close to consumer”.
 Distributed Generation: -unit
sizes “few kW to multi MW under 30MW.
 DE Resources – Sources:
fossil fuels, renewables, fuel
cells.
DE Technologies
•Reciprocating
engines
• Micro turbines
• Fuel cells
• Energy storage
• PV, wind, solar
thermal, hydro
• Waste heat recovery
Heating, cooling,
electricity
• Demand side
management
• Communications
and control
DE Systems & Energy
Sources
 DE Resources:
 ‘power quality; backup; primary source.
 E-Sources – Combined other Technologies
“promote efficiencies & reduce GHG
emissions.
 Denmark “decentralised cogeneration”
(CHP/Combined Heat & Power) systems
(natural gas engines, small biomass
combusters)- local/municipal owned.
 POLICY: reduced risks to investors; CHP,
renewables and waste-to-energy projects
priority access-main grid.
Council of Woking
Burrough, Surrey
1990s- mini Heat &
Power Stations;
thousands PV cells on
roofs.
2004 - 80% energy;
GHG emissions - 77%.
• DE networks: Woking Town Centre & Woking Park
district & number of residential local community
energy systems - based on CHP, fuel cell,
photovoltaic, thermal storage & heat fired
absorption cooling technologies.
CHP- Hilton Garden Inn, Chesterton, Indiana
• 3 micro turbines - power &
heating (hot water, pool, spas)
• INTELLIGENT CONTROLS:
(Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks)
optimize performance
•grid Isolation- outage
Summary - DE Systems
 GENERATE power, heat & cooling - locally;
stand alone or connected to the grid –
 Existing & emerging technologies – under
30MW!
 INTEGRATE - variety sources: gas tech.;
renewables, traditional generation.
 COMPLEX: “heating, cooling & powering a
commercial building”.
 Integrating: solar panels, microturbines,
fuel cells & main grid electricity.
 GAS: from animal waste -cooking!
 Complementary – Efficiency; Emissions!
Advantages of DE
 Infrastructure: Decreased need to size
transmission networks for peak loads;
 Economics: reduces costs of transmission &
distribution system upgrades.
 Efficiency: No transmission losses from DE;
 New generators - added in weeks;
 Capacity - added as needed;
 Waste heat - used for heating & cooling – gains
energy efficiency (30% to 80%)
 Sustainability: Renewable sources often better
suited for small size DE (solar, biofuels)
 Consumer: potential lower cost, higher service
reliability, high power quality, increased energy
efficiency, energy independence.
Evaluating Deployment of DE
 CONSENSUS -positive benefits DE
 Costs, Barriers - Drivers!
 Costs: Environmental, Social, Political,
Economic & Community Interests at Stake?
 Barriers: Connection costs - High!




High costs of Technology – discourages investment!
Limited access, awareness – subsidies, grants!
Policy, Regulations & Market access
Human Behaviour: Economic Growth-sustainable actions?
 Drivers: Climate Change; Emissions Trading;
Soaring energy prices; Energy Crisis!
 ISSUES – holistic perspective – Deploy DE!
Outcomes of National
Research
 Increase understanding of real
benefits of DE options;
 Clearer evaluation of value of
DE options;
 More effective public debate
on the role of DE options;
 More streamlined and
consistent considerations of DE
options in policy;
Goals of this Research
 Social Implications- LEDE deployment sustainable energy & climate change.
 FOCUS – evaluating feasibility – DE
resources within SMEs sector.
 RECRUIT -key informants & stakeholders!
 PROCEDURES: interviews & focus group
discussions.
 KEY ISSUES:
Reliability of energy supply?
Increase in Energy Demands?
What DE options -currently available?
The Barriers?
Community acceptance?
PROCEDURES - PARTICIPANTS
 CASE SCENARAIOS – DE technologies
being deployed in SME sector - Evaluate
its feasibility!
 Ethics & Confidentiality: notes: passwordprotected computer. Member
Verification.
 DATA - de-identified – confidential!
 Human Research Ethnics committee.
 Discussions - Research focus & procedures?
 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING