Transcript 1 - University of East Anglia

Prof. Trevor Davies
Dean of School of Environmental Sciences
Director of Low Carbon Innovation Centre
Dr Keith Tovey, CEng MICE
Energy Science Director, Low Carbon Innovation Centre
Future Global Warming Rates
Reasons for Concern
Range of
predicted
temperatures
Current
temperature
Risks to
Many
Risks to
Some
Large
Increase
Increase
I
II
Historic Average
Average 1950 - 1970
I
II
III
IV
V
Negative
for most
Regions
Negative
for some
Regions
III
Net
Negative
for all
markets
most
Some
positive/
some
negative
Most
people
adversely
affected
IV
Risks to Unique and Threatened Systems
Risks from Extreme Climatic Events
Distribution of Impacts
Aggregate Impacts
Risks from Future Large Scale Discontinuities
Higher
Risk
oC
Very Low
Risk
V
Local impacts
• Norfolk in that part of the UK which is likely to be most
impacted.
• Re-distribution of rainfall; lower summer rainfall.
• Landscape/agriculture changes
• Lower summer riverflows; reedbeds under stress
Government Response
• Energy White Paper – aspiration for 60% cut in CO2 emissions
by 2050
• Will require unprecedented partnership activity in local
communities to ensure on track by 2020s (– but no indication
of how this will be undertaken)
“There will be much more local generation, in part from medium to small
local/community power plant, fuelled by locally grown biomass, from
locally generated waste, and from local wind sources. These will feed
local distributed networks, which can sell excess capacity into the
grid.’’
- Energy White Paper: February 2003
The CRed ambition
To engage, enthuse and empower a large, diverse community to debate, plan
and execute a programme to reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% by 2025
•Can a local community take on the responsibility for starting to confront
the challenge of climate change and make a difference?
•Or will it continue to be - someone/somewhere else?
•Can we encourage politicians/officials to be bolder on our behalf?
•“exemplar for the world”
The CRed Community
•
•
•
•
Participatory/inclusive
Partnerships
Modes of participation (targets/methods)
Matrix of modes of participation = representative of realworld complexity
• Spark imaginations
• Centred on Norwich/Norfolk, but links across the region,
country, the world….
The right language?
5 hot air balloons full of
CO2 per person per year
(4 million per year over Norfolk)
Suspended Star
STAR of the EAST
Observation Platform
“glass”
1. Baseline
2. Vision
3. Detail
Power Station
4. Outcome
T.D.Davies 02/06/03
STAR of the East
• World-class attraction, demonstration,
awareness-raising, technology, leadership
in East
• Fire imagination
• Statement that the East will lead the
renewables revolution in the UK/Europe
Integrated time-lines 1
the natural environment
Natural climate regimes and response of humans
•West Runton Elephant – biggest/best in world
•Glacial geology- most spectacular in Europe
•Earliest-known hominid presence in NW Europe
•Only Neanderthal site in UK
•Seahenge – unique in the world
•Cromer Forest Bed
•The “Elephant Bed”
•The “Star Fish”
•Other Fossil Beds
New Museum of Climate Change at Cromer
Integrated time-lines 2
the environment influenced by the use of energy
by humans
• The Broads – biggest tourist attraction in EE and unique
in the world (new National Park) – first industrial-scale
use of non-renewables in UK (Europe?) – hydrocarbon-1
• Biggest concentration of pre-industrial renewables in
world – windmills/pumps for drainage/power; major
landscape feature
• Most spectacular example of coastal erosion in Europe
(revealed the Elephant!); lost towns (Dunwich)
• Most vulnerable area to sea-level rise in UK (Broads also
threatened)
New Broads Headquarters
Integrated time-lines 3
global warming, now and the future
• ExpertiseSchool of Environmental Sciences
- Tyndall Centre
- Climatic Research Unit
- Low Carbon Innovation Centre
“best in world” (Gvt Chief Scientific Adviser)
• Threats- EE – one of most vulnerable in UK
- Coast (Sizewell?)
- Broads
Production of energy has been/will be critical 1
Hydrocarbons- now
• Hydrocarbon-3; North Sea
• (Hydrocarbon-2 is 0.5km below)
• Bacton – N Sea and now Siberia
– “lights will go out in 2020’s” Radio 4 Today Programme July 2003
– Innogy expresses concern over Electricity Supply from
2004/2005 – “EnergyQuotes” – 11th September 2003.
Time, environment, energy and regional
integration
• EE can become renewables centre of
England/UK (EEDA ambition?)
• EE can lead way in awareness-raising and
demonstration of link between energy and the
environment
• Increase in visitors to region stimulated
• EE can organise/integrate what we already have
and point to the future
Production of energy has been/will be critical 2
Beyond-Hydrocarbons
• (Sizewell)
• North Sea (wind)
• Land (wind, biofuel/biomass – EE major area)
Vision
STAR of the East
• a complete, joined-up story of how the EE could
and should show the way to the renewables
revolution
• Climate change – environmental changeimpacts-risk-reduce greenhouse gasesrenewables
• Hard- and soft-edge to the “wow” factor
• A world-landmark
Norwich
• Wind-turbine and sculpture – unique in the world
• Renewables power station – biomass (local sources),
sewage sludge (pipeline in river?), (waste), (future? –
hydrogen?); biofuels – unique (in world?)
• Rail/river transport
• Historic heat-pump : Hydro?
• Major tourist and technological attraction
• Connecting city and country
Norfolk
• Visual links
• Physical links – rail/river (biodiesel?)
• Remote links (tele-c, laser?)
To:
- New Broads HQ (rivers, lakes,conservation, wetland
management, birds etc)
- Old windmills
- Cromer Elephant Museum (turbine); physical models of cliff
collapse
- Bacton – gas (CO2) import?
- Scroby Sands (turbines, SL, sediment transport, etc); new
turbines
- Gas rigs?
The Region
• Dunwich (Suffolk)
• Canvey Island (worst affected in 1953 floods)
• Sizewell (only nuclear station in UK in 2020s)
• Further W – via Swaffham etc, to other
turbines/plant (EE has favourable topography)
• Only biodiesel train service in UK (Europe?)
Norwich-Cambridge?
Aerial Photographs
Anglia Railways Carriage Depot
Thorpe Station
River Wensum
River Yare
Whitlingham
Broads
Detailed Aerial Photograph
Existing Switching
Station
Pylons
Former Power Station - now
demolished
1
Map showing location of main photos
3
Thorpe Station
2
Whitlingham
Broads
1
View across Whittlingham Broad - Photo point 1
View from Thorpe Station - Photo point 2
from Thorpe Road - Photo point 3
View from London train approaching
Norwich as it passes through
Lakenham.
View as train passes Trowse - land in
foreground is “Yellow” area.
View after train has crossed river and
passes site. The concrete area is the
site of the former Power Station.
1. Baseline
Site of old Power Station, 1.0
km from railway station,
adjacent to river/rail.
Glacial debris landscape, much evidence of
natural climate change,coastal erosion, cliff
collapse, sea level rise threat. Finest whole
specimen of woolly elephant in UK and one of best
in world - not yet put on show.
Cromer
Site surrounded by much
development land, very close to
revitalised Riverside area;
grid-connection.
Scroby
Sands Wind
Turbines
To
Cromer
Cathedral
To
London
River
To
Yarmouth
Winterton
Wind
Turbines
- Govt. announcement July
14th 2003
Yarmouth
Broads:
Carrow
Road
To
Midlands
Norwich
• Fossil fuel extraction - oil/gas
• Now a source of renewables
(wind energy)
Windmills
Broads
Home of
North Sea
Major tourist area in EE, soon to be
National Park. Broads are a consequence of first
major use of fossil fuel in UK - peat. (opportunity
for interesting comparative illustrations c.f. todays
use). Important landscape features and agents of
past prosperity - windmills/pumps. Susceptible to
seal level-rise/environmental change - sensitive
landscape/management issues. Production of
Biomass
2. Vision
Visual / high tech Link:
Star of the East - a striking sculpture
- star ‘suspended’ in air and generating electricity.
(microwave/laser)? To turbine on Cromer
Ridge - climate change museum (mammoth,
physical models of cliffs, erosion, sediment
transport etc.
Yarmouth/Scroby:
‘glass’ mast with
‘glass’ lift and
observation deck.
Wonderful architectural
counterpoint to the
catherdral - providing
superb views over Norwich
and Norfolk to the sea.
visual / high tech link
also information on sea-level
New Broads Authority HQ:
visual link with STAR and other remote
links/ tourist centre
Solar panels
Renewables Power Station: wind; biomass (from
Broads, Breckland, Norfolk Farmers, sewage works
(2km down river)- pre-processing of some biomass at
Thetford (existing renewables power station) and
shipped in by rail; pre-processing of sewage and
shipped by river (boat or pipeline). Waste? Future
capacity for hydrogen (bio-ethanol from waste) built in.
Many wind mills/pumps
(some generating
electricity)?
Physical links
rail/river - biodiesel/hydrogen boats
and trains
3. Detail
An “Angel of the North” and an “Eden Project” with a hard edge.
In Norwich - the STAR of the EAST - a sculpture and a turbine.
Rotor could be star-shaped - “invisible” mast and observation deck. Flexible, futureproofed, renewable energy power station and development facility
• biofuel pre-processed outside Norwich and shipped by rail/river (or pipeline).
•Waste (pre-processed outside Norwich)
•Built in Hydrogen / bio-ethanol capability (CHP from biomass plant)
•Exhibition/learning area.
Will “throw” people out towards New Broads HQ, new Museum of Climate
Change, Yarmouth.
Visual links, high-tech links (turbines at Yarmouth, Cromer, weather data, wind
energy production, sea-level changes, sediment transport etc.
STAR with “draw” people in first place - all railway lines go past it as do both
rivers - also new Riverside development is close by as is Carrow Road Football
Ground.
3. Detail - continued
Broads HQ Visitor Centre: - wetland of global importance, major tourist
area, new National Park, peat workings (CO2) , conservation issues, weltland
management, climate change impacts - Sea Level rise, salt water incursion,
effects on bird populations etc, produces biomass fuel all making point of
renewables.
New Museum of Climate Change, Cromer: rail link, the natural
climate change story; ice-ages, woolly elephants, vegetation succession, coastal
erosion, cliff collapse etc - leading right up to greenhouse gas induced climate
change.
Yarmouth: North Sea: Wind farms and the old fossil fuel provider
Some Technical and related Information
Biomass plant would have capacity of 30 - 40 MW and would be sufficient
to supply 30% of electricity of Norwich
could be sustained by 120 - 150 sq km of land from across region via
rail links. [locally/community derived power - Energy White Paper]
Plant would operate as CHP to provide process heat for biofuel production
(improving CO2 benefit from these fuels).
Wind Turbine would probably reach a 15% load factor (c.f. 30%) because
of importance of sculptural form.
Heat Pumps
Historically, Norwich was important in the development of the energy
conservation technology of Heat Pumps when John Sumner (despite
war time difficulties) installed one in Duke Street. There are plans to
re-install a heat pump when the building is renovated for city centre
apartments.
4. Outcome
•An architectural/sculptural statement of the highest order
•A flexible, multi-process, renewables power station linking town and country.
•A major boost to the profile of the East in the Renewables area.
•A major tourist attraction in its own right - dramatic presence
impact (laser lights at night)
•An effective mean of propelling people to the other three components of this
integrated/distributed initiative.
•A complete, ‘joined-up’ story of why renewables are so important - climate
change >> environmental processes >> reduce green house gases >>
renewables
4. Outcome - continued
•“Hard technology” put into context of the “wow” factor - superb
woolly elephant specimen, high-tech remote links - and the
‘softer’ element of windmills, birds, rivers, landscape - and the
imperative of protecting them
•Opportunity for continuing hard-edged development around the
STAR (sustainable technology and renewables) Park in Norwich including future hydrogen.
•Opportunity for integrated plan (transport etc), and continuing
development of low carbon links - rail shuttle bus (station STAR), river, road etc.