Transcript H.E. - Asia Economic Forum (AEF)

Asian perspectives
on Climate Change and Food and Energy
Security
by
H.E. Ambassador Ngurah Swajaya
At the 5th Asia Economic Forum
Phnom Penh, 7 April 2009
Trend of the
Earth’s Temperature Increase
1.6
1.4
(without efforts to reduce emission)
Tempereture Change (°C)
1.2
1.0
0.8
CO2 Concentration
Annual Temperature Change
Pattern of Temperature Increase
0.6
370 ppm
0.4
0.2
300 ppm
0.0
–0.2
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
Projected Changes in Temperature
Ice Melting on Greenland
1992
2002
2005
Emissions and Vulnerability to Climate Change
DISASTER AND ECONOMIC COST
• 2005-2007: 24 Islands Submerged (DKP)
• 1997-2007: 10 biggest disaster in Indonesia,
estimated total economic lost : US$ 26 billion,
70% climate change related disaster
(International Disaster Database)
• Economic lost due to flood in Jakarta 2007:
US$8 billion (Detik Finance, 2007)
• Severe drought impacts agriculture output
Facts on Impacts
of Climate Change
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More than 1 degree temperature increase over the
past 10 years in 16 Indonesia’s cities;
Rain season shorten to 5 months;
Fresh water availability compared to total demand :
rain season 80%, dry season 20%;
No action : an estimated of 130 million of population
in Asia will face food and water shortage by 2050;
Drop of agricultural products and outputs by 90% at
the end of the century;
Big Flood in Jakarta - February 2007
socio-economic impacts
to agriculture sectors
(developing countries)
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decline in yields and production;
reduced marginal GDP from agriculture;
fluctuation in world market prices of
agriculture products;
increased number of people at risk of hunger
and food insecurity;
migration and civil unrest;
GLOBAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE
CHANGE
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UNFCC (United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change);
Kyoto Protocol
Bali Roadmap, which consists of a number of
forward-looking decisions that represent the various
tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate
future;
APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change,
Energy Security and Clean Development (2007);
East Asia Summit Declaration;
ASEAN Declaration.
Regional Declarations on Climate Change

Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security Cebu, Philippines, 15 January
2007:
Improve the efficiency, reduce dependence on conventional fuels through
intensified energy efficiency and conservation programmes, hydropower,
expansion of renewable energy systems and bio-fuel production/utilisation;
Pursue and encourage investment on energy resource and infrastructure
development through greater private sector involvement

Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment, 21
November 2007;
– Mobilising financial support and cooperating to build capacity for the developing
countries in the EAS region, the deployment of clean technology in the region
through various means, such as investment, technical and financial assistance,
and technology transfer ;
– Exchanging of scientific and technical expertise in partnership with international
experts,
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ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation Work Plan (2007 – 2017,
Includes collective action to address Climate Change
initiatives adopted by regional and
international conferences
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Hearth of Borneo (220,000 km2 of equatorial rain
forest);
Coral Reef Initiatives (CRI);
World Ocean Conference in Manado, Indonesia;
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD
Programme);
Clean Development Mechanisms;
Etc.
CONCLUSSION
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Detrimental impacts of climate change is real and require
concerted and immediate actions by all;
International, regional and national frameworks and
agreements requires translation into concrete actions;
Innovative approach of awareness raising is required
particularly to farmers and people in the rural areas;
Business participations to promote investment and
government's incentives are also required;
Collective pressures to World's Leaders to ensure
success of the Copenhagen Conference that would
immediately translate commitments into concrete
actions.
THANK YOU