Transcript CA Drought Mainstreaming Presentation

Phase Two Results




Phase 1 conclusions disseminated,
discussed, and confirmed
Both WB and country strategies and plans
based on more thorough assessment of
exposure, impacts, capacity, and
vulnerabilities
Hydromets, MOA, Academy of Sciences,
and other official stakeholders gained
improved understanding of benefits of
participation and coordination
How to implement strategies: incorporate
into strategy and project creation process
Mainstreaming CAS/CPS/PRSP



Impact already noted: “exogenous
shock” in Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan
Not always considered, even for some
highly exposed countries
Disaster mitigation included into matrix
as environmental measure: mandate for
drought management and mitigation
projects under this framework, but little
specific linkage
Poverty Studies



Many drought-prone areas are also
among the most highly impoverished
If drought and other disasters can be
considered as a factor, easier to target
measures
Methodological challenge: expand or
incorporate into attempts at integrating
cross-cutting issues into poverty studies,
e.g. water in Armenia
Projects




Related areas: water (irrigation, hydropower, municipal,
fisheries), agriculture, rural and community
development, environment, disaster management,
transportation and other infrastructure
More coherent and specific framework (CAS/CSP/PRSP)
may help to maximize benefits for drought (and flood)
management and mitigation in projects; consider
specific conditions of drought-prone areas and
populations at risk
Specific linkage within projects, e.g. targeting drought
prone areas with appropriate mitigation interventions,
community participation in disaster management
ERR: limitations of impact assessment data and risk
analysis in countries
Harmonization






Cross-cutting frameworks: UNFCCC, UNCCD, CIDA
Climate Change, CACILM, UNDP Disaster Management,
WFP
Sector projects: SDC IWRM, USAID South Caucasus
WRM, ICARDA
Meteorological and hydrological projects: WMO, NOAA
Limitations: sequencing, incongruent funding
mechanisms and procedures, centralization of
donors/IFIs, domestic governance (budget disclosure)
Importance of country leadership
Focus on future: new aid vehicles and instruments, e.g.
pooled funding, multi-donor trust funds, shared analytic
work, training material, etc.
Central Asia - Profile





Lowland areas have constant moisture
deficit
Water resources: variability of rivers;
management of reservoirs and dams
Observation and early warning for water
by Uzglavgidromet; distant posts out of
commission
Climate change and Aral Sea
Water allocation for Aral Sea basin by
ICWC
Kazakhstan - Profile







Moderate or severe drought annually in one or
more areas
Observation network being rebuilt, but early
warning does not reach most end users
Downstream water user in Aral Sea basin
Local level water management institutions are
weak
Rainfed cropland in north: drought-induced losses
11 of last 20 years; some mitigation measures
implemented
Rangeland: mobility and grazing patterns
Disaster management plan does not adequately
consider drought
Kazakhstan - Strategies





Draft National Drought Plan:
Strengthen observation, forecasting, early
warning (including NDVI for wheat and
rangeland);
Long-term prognosis and climate change
Mainstreaming, e.g. tenure arrangements
and mobility in rangeland management,
demand-side measures and local
institutions in water sector
Coordinated response and recovery
Kyrgyz Republic - Profile






Drought in Talas valley, Issiq Qol, Inner
Tien Shan; floods follow droughts
Observation and early warning network is
outdated or decrepit
Significant water resources
Reservoir management: 80% of electricity
from hydropower
IWRM is nascent
Pasture degradation, owing to less
atlitudinal migration
Kyrgyz Republic - Strategy






Repair observation, especially
snowpack and glaciers
Create appropriate early warning
networks
Continue with IWRM
Rangeland and herds: rotational
grazing; mobility
Community watershed management
Include drought into disaster
management frameworks
Tajikistan - Profile







Drought conditions every year in summer: valleys and
foothills in north; deserts in southwest and in
mountains
Enormous water resources
Many observation posts and stations inoperable,
especially in remote areas: lack of data, unreliable
forecasts
Agricultural drought in 2001: $50 million, external
deficit and funding gap worsened
Reservoir management
Subsistence farming more widespread; informal
production quotas constrain diversification
Rural poverty is widespread, especially in droughtprone areas of Khatlon and Sugh Provinces
Tajikistan - Strategy






Determine funding gap in disaster
management
Improve observation, especially glaciers
and snowpack
Early warning institutions, e.g. WUAs
Eliminate production quotas and other
informal controls
Community watershed management
Continue to emphasize long-term
mitigation in recovery operations
Turkmenistan - Profile









Meteorological drought is a permanent condition
Information control: early warning; appeals for
aid in international community
Hydrological drought depends upon upstream and
in-country water management (irrigation from
Kara Kum)
Rangeland sensitive to drought, but monitoring
inadequate
Contingency planning for water shortage is
outdated
Waterlogging and land salinization are widespread
Production plans constrain diversification
Household water supply
Desertification and desiccation of the Aral Sea
Turkmenistan - Strategy







Expand observation and early warning
into Kara Kum
Resolve transboundary issues
Improve Water Code, build support for
IWRM, and create Water Shortage
Response Plan
Improve efficiency of irrigation
Water harvesting, e.g. takyrs
Liberalize agricultural policy
Improve household water supply
Uzbekistan - Profile








In lowlands, severe drought every decade
Strong capacity in observation and forecasting
Use of 60% of water in Aral Basin, mostly from
upstream to irrigate 3.5 million ha
State control of economy, especially agriculture,
although reforms are proceeding rapidly
Little community participation in early warning and
disaster management
Rural poverty, demographic surge, and off-farm
employment
Most drought-prone area (Karakalpakistan) is located
in ecological disaster zone
Disaster management capacity improved, but drought
not included into the framework
Uzbekistan - Strategy







Liberalize markets (especially cotton and wheat)
and relax trade barriers
Create suitable early warning for agricultural
drought
Resolve transboundary water issues
Build support for IWRM, create Water Shortage
Response Plan, resolve WUA development issues
Improve land management throgh better
monitoring and establishment of sound tenure
arrangements
Involve communities in disaster management
Improve coordination through establishment of a
Working Group for drought planning, mitigation,
and response
Central Asia - Strategy






Trade liberalization
Conduct regional studies under UNFCCC and
UNCCD
Proposed Regional Center: for monitoring and
prognosis or scientific research?
CACILM: partial implementation through ICARDA
and IWMI
ICWC: regional Water Shortage Response Plan
(possibly as part of SDC IWRM project);
information sharing
Mainstream into efforts to ameliorate desiccation
of the Aral Sea and Regional Environmental Action
Plan