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Measure, Monitor, Minimise:
Energising Travel Plans for Climate Change
Dr Debbie Walker
JMP Consultants
Our Atmosphere
The GHGs
IPCC
200+ scientists worldwide
Most comprehensive review of all published works
‘Very likely’ – 90% certainty – increase in temperature is due to
manmade CO2
>1oC locked in since Industrial Revolution
IPCC work defines all international frameworks
• Kyoto Protocol
• UN agreement to prevent ‘dangerous’ climate change
– Below 2oC, includes China and the US
At 2oC…
Kilimanjaro loses all snow, rendering Africa snow free for first time in
11,000 years
Most of Great Barrier Reef will be dead
Every summer will be like 2003 – when 30,000 died of heatstroke –
what about extremes?
Greenland’s ice sheet will melt completely, a 1m rise in sea level for UK
Arctic sea ice will be negligible, polar bears facing extinction
Catastrophic collapse of agriculture in China, India, N. America
Non-linear feedback mechanisms…?
0.5OC, Gloucestershire, Summer 2007
Stern Warnings
Climate Change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure
ever seen.
Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of major
disruption to economic and social activity, later in this century and in
the next, on a scale similar to those associated with the great wars
and the economic depression of the first half of the 20th century.
‘The Economics of Climate Change’
Sir Nicolas Stern (October 2006)
And Transport?
Deep emissions cuts will be required in the transport sector. Largescale uptake of a range of clean transport technologies is likely to be
more difficult in the shorter term, but will ultimately be needed.
‘The Economics of Climate Change’
Sir Nicolas Stern (October 2006)
Transport’s Share
28% of total CO2e in 2006 (22% from road transport)
Not just CO2…
>200 LAs have declared AQMAs
95% due to NO2, PM10, i.e. road traffic
Most of TRN within AQMA
40,000 premature deaths a year
Increases in childhood asthma
Pollution worst in deprived areas, poor Quality of Life
UK will not meet EU targets for NO2 set for 2010
Legal ramifications? Judicial review?
Transport Policy
DfT has four key policy areas:
• Reduce fossil carbon content of fuel
• Increase fuel efficiency
• Encourage a move towards more environmentally sustainable
forms of transport
• Work towards inclusion of transport in the Emissions Trading
Scheme
The Transport Scotland Travel Plan
What is an organisation’s Carbon Footprint?
The WBCSD / WRI GHG Accounting Protocol:
• a ‘basket’ of greenhouse gases
• both direct and indirect scopes for reporting
Travel – An Important Source!
Replacing a 60W bulb for energy efficient:
• saves ~ 80 kgCO2 a year
Single flight EDI – LHR:
• releases ~ 80 kgCO2 per passenger
=
Transport Scotland Travel Plan
First carbon-focussed Travel Plan
Aspiration:
‘To measure, monitor and minimise the greenhouse gas emissions
arising from travel of TS employees’
Ethos:
‘The greenest mile is the mile not travelled’
‘Travel Carbon Footprint’ used to set targets and actions
Targets are purely carbon savings
Actions are defined to achieve the biggest carbon savings
– 35,000 kgCO2 reduction over two years
Footprinting Example: The Commute
Undertook staff travel survey November 2006
Established journey details for each staff member
Established the carbon emission arising
Multiplied journeys to reflect annual impact
20%
3%
20%
3%
14%
14%
15%
3%
3%
1%
4%
1%
Train
Car Driver
Train
0%
Car Driver
0%
40%
4%
4%
Car Pass.
Car Pass.
0%
1%
1%
Bus
Bus
3%
Underground
Underground
Cycle
Walk
Other
Cycle
Walk
Other
54%
54%
Mode Split
38%
CO2 Split
The Future
Monitoring Strategy: annual surveys and footprint
Evolution of Actions and Targets
Annual Reporting
Business unit carbon challenge?
Individual carbon challenge?
TS influence over TPs requested through development planning
Yearly Emissions from Travel Information
A new carbon footprinting tool for Travel Plans
www.smarterchoices.co.uk
YETI
Yearly Emissions from Travel Information
Freely available for anyone to use
Simple registration, with online toolkit or JMP support
Fully automates the carbon footprinting process
For commute, travel surveys are completed online
For business travel, data files uploaded
Reports show breakdown of CO2 (or £!) by:
•
•
•
•
Mode
Common journey
Individual
…?
Each employee enters their commute…
Business travel data is uploaded…
…and YETI works out the total travel carbon footprint.
The commute
emissions are
apportioned by
mode.
As are
emissions
from business
travel.
YETI also
identifies
common
business
journeys within
each mode.
Tailored actions can then be set to achieve the biggest carbon savings.
Measure. Monitor. Minimise.
The new approach to Travel Plans.
Questions?