Transcript Carbon Capture and Storage Rule

Carbon Considerations for
Infrastructure Projects
Laura Farris
EPA Region 8 Climate Change Coordinator
February 19, 2010
Table of Contents
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Recent EPA Actions
Next Steps
State and Local Considerations
Carbon Reduction Strategies
Adaptation Strategies
Other Opportunities to Demonstrate Leadership
Recent EPA Actions
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Carbon Capture and Storage Rule
Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
GHG Reporting Rule
Endangerment Finding
Renewable Fuel Standard #2
Vehicle GHG Emissions Standards
GHG Tailoring Rule
Recent EPA Actions
EPA Action
Published in Federal
Register
End to Public
Comment Period
Status
Proposed Carbon Capture and
Storage Rule
July 25, 2008
November 24, 2008
EPA Review
Advanced Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking
July 30, 2008
November 28, 2008
EPA Review
Proposed GHG Reporting
Rule
April 10, 2009
June 9, 2009
Final
Proposed
Endangerment Finding
April 24, 2009
June 23, 2009
Final
Proposed Renewable Fuels
Standards #2
May 26, 2009
September 25, 2009
EPA Review
Proposed Carbon Capture and
Storage Rule – Supplement
August 31, 2009
October 15, 2009
EPA Review
Proposed Vehicle GHG Emissions
Standards
September 28, 2009
November 27, 2009
EPA Review
Proposed GHG
Tailoring Rule
October 27, 2009
December 28, 2009
EPA Review
Final GHG Reporting Rule
October 30, 2009
NA
Final on
December 29, 2009
Final Endangerment Finding
December 15, 2009
NA
Final on December 15,
2009
Carbon Capture and Storage Rule
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Regulations being developed under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program
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Establishes a new class of wells for CO2 (Class VI)
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The UIC regulations are designed to help ensure that injected fluids do not
endanger underground sources of drinking water
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EPA’s proposal applies to owners or operators of wells that will be used to
inject CO2 into the subsurface for the purpose of long-term storage
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The proposed rule is the proposed framework for permitting wells, but does not
require any facilities to capture and/or sequester CO2
Advanced Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking - ANPR
EPA issued the ANPR to:
 Respond to Supreme Court Ruling that GHGs are air pollutants under the
Clean Air Act (CAA), as well as 7 petitions to set GHG standards for
various mobile source categories
 Review EPA’s work to date on potential motor vehicle GHG standards
 Examine CAA provisions potentially applicable to GHGs, and the range
of potential regulatory approaches and technology opportunities
 Provide information on the science of climate change, and seek public
comment
GHG Reporting Rule
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In response to the FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act
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Suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial GHGs, manufacturers of vehicles and
engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHGs
(covers ~85 % of national ghg emissions - ~10,000 facilities)
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Facilities report all information directly to EPA annually starting in March 2011
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Will enable EPA to track emissions trends over time, determine response to
policies and potential regulations
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Raise awareness of emissions among reporters and other stakeholders, and
contribute to efforts to identify reduction opportunities
Endangerment Finding
In response to the April 2, 2007, Supreme Court
decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, EPA’s
Administrator has made a finding that:
• Six GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6)
endanger public health and welfare:
• Emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, and HFCs from new motor
vehicles contribute to the atmospheric concentrations of
these GHGs
Renewable Fuel Standard #2
• EPA is developing a new Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS2) per the
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007
• Directed to revise and implement regulations to ensure that gasoline and
diesel sold in the United States contains a minimum volume of renewable
fuel
• RFS2 will increase the volume of renewable fuel required to be blended
into gasoline and diesel from 12.95 billion gallons in 2010 to 36 billion
gallons by 2022 (increase is mostly cellulostic/advanced biofuels)
• Sets mandatory lifecycle GHG reduction thresholds for renewable fuel
categories, as compared to petroleum fuels used in 2005
Vehicle GHG Emissions Standards
• On May 19, 2009, President Obama announced a national policy to
reduce GHG emissions and improve fuel economy for all new cars and
trucks, covering model years 2012 through 2016
EPA proposed first ever federal GHG standards for light-duty vehicles using
its authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA)
- Target: GHG emissions of 250 grams per mile by 2016
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) proposed
related fuel economy standards under the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act (EPCA)
- Target: fleet-wide average of 34.1 mpg by 2016
GHG Tailoring Rule
• The rule proposes new thresholds for greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
under the Clean Air Act (CAA) New Source Review (NSR) and Title V
Operating Permits Programs for new or existing facilities
• Under Title V, EPA is proposing a major source applicability threshold of
25,000 tpy CO2e for existing facilities (would cover ~70 percent of the
national GHG emissions that come from stationary sources)
• Under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) portion of NSR—
EPA is proposing a major stationary source threshold of 25,000 tpy
CO2e, and a significance level between 10,000 and 25,000 tpy CO2e.
Next Steps
• Analyze BACT options for various source categories:
- carbon capture and sequestration systems
- improving energy and process efficiency
- clean fuel alternatives
- control of fugitive emissions
- considering alternative BACT options, like offsets
• Work with permitting authorities and EPA Regional Offices to
ensure implementation capabilities
Regional, State, and Local
Considerations
• Regional GHG Management Programs:
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (REGGI) - 10 Eastern States have
capped CO2 emissions from the power sector, and will require a 10% reduction in
CO2 emissions by 2018
Western Climate Initiative (WCI) – 11 Western States and Canadian Provinces
are planning a joint strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The
centerpiece of the WCI strategy is a regional cap-and-trade program. If fully
implemented in 2015, the program will cover nearly 90 percent of GHG emissions
• State and Local Climate Action Plans, and related policies,
programs, resolutions, and laws
Carbon Reduction Strategies
Green Building and Construction Practices
Use green construction and building practices in the planning, design and
construction of infrastructure, buildings, and other projects. For example –
• Use Energy Star-rated products to reduce energy use.
• Reuse and/or recycle construction and demolition debris.
• Reuse industrial materials in construction projects, such as in concrete.
Carbon Reduction Strategies
Smart Energy Practices
Use smart energy practices during project design, construction and operation.
For example –
• Use energy efficient products and practices.
• Purchase renewable energy from local utilities.
• Incorporate renewable energy or combined heat and power into project designs.
Carbon Reduction Strategies
Water Management Practices
Use water conservation and green storm water management practices in building
and landscape design, site redevelopment planning, and in cleanup strategies.
For example –
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Employ water efficient products and practices in building and landscaping
projects, including those that meet EPA’s WaterSense standards.
Use “green infrastructure” approaches to managing storm water, for example,
permeable pavement and green roofs.
Work with water utilities to implement sustainable water infrastructure practices,
including full-cost pricing, efficient use of water and energy, and source-water
protection.
EPA’s Sustainable Water Infrastructure Webpage can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/
Carbon Reduction Strategies
Diesel Emissions Reduction Strategies
Use clean diesel practices for all on-road and off-road vehicles and equipment.
For example –
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Reduce unnecessary idling through the use of auxiliary power units, and strict
enforcement of idling limits.
Use verified diesel emission control technology ("VDEC"), including verified diesel
particulate filters ("DPFs") or diesel oxidation catalysts ("DOCs").
Use cleaner fuels, such as ultra low sulfur diesel (ULDS), biodiesel, liquid
petroleum gas, or compressed natural gas.
Practice good engine maintenance to meet original standards, and properly train
operators to run equipment efficiently.
EPA’s “Low Cost Ways to Reduce Emissions from Construction Equipment”
can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/ispd/pdf/emission_0307.pdf
Other Opportunities to
Demonstrate Leadership
EPA Voluntary Partnership Programs
to Achieve GHG reductions
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Climate Leaders – Corporate and Small Business
Energy Star
Green Power Partnership
Wastewise
Adaptation Strategies
Siting/Design Considerations
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Weather/Climate Analysis
Sea Level Rise/Salt Water Intrusion
Flood Plains
Thank You!
Laura Farris
EPA Region 8 Climate Change Coordinator
1595 Wynkoop Sreet
Denver, CO 80202
303-312-6388