Transcript What do we Value?

Building Resilient Communities
A Value Proposition
Green Build Conference
Community Education,
Awareness and Engagement
New Brunswick Climate Change Plan
• GHG Reduction and Adaptation to Climate
Impacts is a Shared responsibility addressed by
all levels of government
• Province supports the development of
community-based engagement
• NB Climate Change Hub is key partner
Our Activities:
1. Facilitate a provincial Advisory Committee
2. Build capacity of Community Stakeholders and Hub
Members to implement policies and green initiatives
3. Facilitate community dialogue and act as a resource
4. Operate as a clearinghouse for news and scientific
information
5. Conduct outreach programs to educate the public and
decision-makers
What’s the Problem with BAU?
• It remains common across Canada for energy
planning to occur in isolation, gas separate from
electricity, distribution separate from transmission,
and all separate from land use, transportation and
water planning.
• The result: trends continue to show increases in
energy use and higher GHG emissions
What is Resilience?
What do we Value?
• Managing Change
• Adapting to Impacts
• Reducing Exposure to volatile
Energy Costs, Supply
• Well-managed Global Commons
- Environment
• Local Green Economy
• Social Cohesiveness
• Smarter Design (form)
• Vision and Leadership (direction)
• Organizational (process)
• Our quality of life
• Safety / Health / Wellbeing
• Reducing Exposure to Energy
Poverty through smarter use
• An environment capable of
supporting life
• Community / Families
• Meaningful Lives (op.to grow)
• Buildings/Infrastructure that
meets our needs, now, and
sustainably into the future
A primer on global warming
Impact of Human-produced
Greenhouse Gases
This diagram shows the relative
impact of the major humanproduced greenhouse gases to
current warming. CO2 has the
most impact followed in
descending order by methane,
CFCs, ozone and nitrous oxide.
Concentration of CO2 anticipated for
the year 2100: around 675 ppm
Concentration of CO2
for the year 1998: 365 ppm
What is safe?
350 or 400 or 450?
Currently 385 ppm
Increase in
average
temperature for
the year 2100:
between 1.4 and
5.8 C
Source of Picture:
www.whitehouse.gov/
Initiatives/Climate/next100
.html
Concentration of CO2 and Temperature Change
How to calculate risk – feedback loops,
tipping points, warm rate potential
Climate Observations
in NB
• Temperature -
Up 0.70 C
• Snow pack –
Down 25% (N) & 50% (S)
• Sea level rise –
Up 30 cm
• Extreme storm events –
5 X as frequent
Sea-Level Rise &
Storm Surges
Actions to Adapt
New Brunswick Climate Change Plan Objectives
• Provincial risk assessment to identify vulnerabilities and
priority actions
• “Climate proof” development decisions
• Strengthen measures to protect coastal areas
• Adaptive management of natural resources
• Emergency Preparedness
Forest Ecosystem Change and
Invasive Species
Seasonal Change and Variability,
affecting Agriculture and Eco-Tourism
Forest Fires
Health Impacts
Watershed Pollution and
Aquaculture Impacts
Interruptions to Power and Imports
(of oil, food, medical supplies, etc)
Floods
Coastal Erosion,
Storm Surge,
Sea Level Rise
Storm Surge and Sea Level Rise
Plenary 1 - Adaptation
• What do we value in our communities / built
environment? How do we monitor / measure?
• What are impacts of concern to your community?
• What building codes improve resilience to
impacts / increase value?
• What planning policies are needed to improve
resilience to impacts / increase value?
• What are the barriers / opportunities
• Prioritize Actions
New Brunswick GHG Emissions 2001
(Total = 21.3 Mt CO2 Equivalent)
Residential
3% - 0.6Mt
Non-Energy GHG
7% - 1.4 Mt
Commercial
3% - 0.7 Mt
Industrial
10% - 1.7 Mt
Transportation
25% - 4.9 Mt
Producer's
Consumption
5% - 1.1 Mt
Electricity Consumption by Sector, 2001
32%
Electricity Generation
47% - 10.7 Mt
51%
18%
Residential
Comm. & Institution.
Industrial
Source: Statistics Canada, Environment Canada
Note: Producer's Consumption is the energy used by the energy industry including petroleum refining and electricity generation. Non-Energy GHG are
emissions from industrial & land uses such as landfills, agriculture, etc.
Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Scenarios in New Brunswick
CO2 Equivalent (Megatonnes)
30.0
25.3
25.0
23.2
22.0
20.0
16.1
15.0
Estimated
Actual
10.0
1990
2004
Year
2012
References – National Inventory Report: 1990-2004/NB Departments of Energy & Environment
2020
CO2 Equivalent (Megatonnes)
30.0
Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Scenarios in New Brunswick
25.3
25.0
23.2
22.0
Renewable Energy
& Efficiency (2.2)
Transportation (1.2)
20.0
Waste Management (1.2)
17.7
16.1
15.0
Federal Leadership & Support (1.6)
(1990) 16.1
14.5
(NEG/ECP)
Estimated
Actual
10.0
1990
Industrial Sources (0.7)
Other* (0.2)
Other* Government
Leading by
Example /
Partnership &
Communications
2004 ’07
Year
2012
References – National Inventory Report: 1990-2004/NB Departments of Energy & Environment
2020
The single most tangible opportunity we have as Canadians to
effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions is in how we plan, build
and develop our communities.
QUEST -Six Guiding Principles
Improve efficiency–reduce the energy input required for a given level of
service;
Optimize “exergy”–avoid using high-quality energy in low-quality
applications;
Manage heat–capture all feasible thermal energy and use it, rather than
exhaust it;
Reduce waste–use all available resources, such as landfill gas, gas
pressure drops and municipal, agricultural, industrial and forestry wastes;
Use renewable resources–tap into local biomass, geothermal, solar and
wind energy; and
Use grids strategically–optimize use of grid energy and as a resource to
optimize the overall system and ensure reliability (PowerShift Atlantic)
Building Capacity and
Community Leadership
• Engage City Councilors and Staff
• Help to Form a Local Action Committee
• Establish Baseline, Prioritize Actions and Identify
Barriers/Opportunities – Develop ICSP
• Build Partnerships / Participatory Framework
• Secure Financial Resources / Expertise
• Measure and Evaluate Progress toward Milestones
• Public Education and Outreach Programs =
Behavior Change
The Natural Step Framework
What are the issues?
Develop
strategies
Baseline Analysis:
Where are we now?
Envision your
sustainable
community
Natural Resources
The problem
Ecosystem
Capacity
life supporting resources
declining
Margin
for action
Human Demand
Time
The Funnel
Air
Water
Forests
Margin for action
constrained by demand &
ecosystem capacity
Land
Transport
Energy
Time
Baselines in issue areas
Baseline
GHG
Emissions
Water
Energy
Trans
Land
What is our current
situation?
• GHG Inventory (baseline 1990 or best available) – calculate using
provincial coefficients. Municipal financial records, energy bills, and fuel
consumption records are all good sources of data for calculating baseline.
• Setting Targets – choose targets based on priority actions (most affordable &
realistic, and most effective in reducing emissions).
– Motion for municipal council to adopt the targets in a resolution statement.
• Administrative Objectives (internal)
– Example 1. Seek funding to employ a coordinator or energy reduction initiatives
– Example 2. Form an Environment Committee to oversee development and
implementation of a Local Action Plan
– Example 3. Educate, Inform, and Involve Staff in Behavior Change Initiatives
– Example 4. Engage staff in development of green policy and initiatives
Municipal Environment Committees
Identify goals and strategies
Develop goals and strategies for
each issue area
Water
How do we
get there?
Where do we
want to be in
circa 2050?
Energy Water
Energy
Trans
Land
Will it result in
measurable reductions
of GHG emissions?
Land Trans
GHG Reduction Plans
Local Action Planning
Short and Long Term Goals
– The short-term goals are qualitative and quantitative GHG
emission reduction actions that are specific to sectors within
the municipal operations or the community.
– The long-term goals are statements of intent to change the
manner in which a municipal government operates and which
will have positive reduction effects on GHG emissions. For
example:
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develop a green procurement policy;
update the Official Community Plan;
include energy-efficiency standards in area plans; and
develop various bylaws to reduce emissions.
Water
Energy
Trans
Land
Develop targets and indicators,
for each action / issue
Baseline
Milestones
Targets
Energy Density Mapping
• Makes it possible to do systematic comparison of
energy efficiency and supply options
• Informs land use planning, policies, development
• Helps to re-design urban form
• Informs development process and energy, water,
waste implications
• Enables community-based efficiency and energy
programs, e.g. Neighborhood Energy Utility,
Investment options for green portolios
Average Household Emissions (tonnes CO2e /household/year)
Emissions de Carbone en Tonnes, par Maison, par Année
Category
Space Heating & Cooling
Water Heating
Appliances and Lighting
Cars & Trucks
Other Transportation
Wastes
Total
New Brunswick
Canada
6.08
3.56
1.33
1.04
2.95
1.27
6.62
5.94
0.75
1.08
1.36
2.22
19.11
15.10
ArcGIS Server .net
These Sample Maps Are Health Maps from Previous
Geospatial Projects (2003-2008) I conducted
“Energy Smart” Municipalities, Municipalités éconergétiques
ArcGIS Server FLEX
Logos Courtesy of Hub website
Top Ten GHG Reduction Measures
Measure
Municipality Area-Sector
Queen St. NG
Conversion
Sportsplex
Refrigeration Heat
Recovery
Fredricton Corporate Buildings
Halifax Corporate Buildings
Annual GHG
Reduction (t)
55
270
Annual Cost Investment
Simple
Net Present Internal Rate
Savings ($)
($)
Payback (yrs) Value ($) of Return (%)
$2,070
$16,500
8.0
$93,945
12%
$15,000
$18,000
1.2
$382,158
80%
Prioritize actions that:
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•
•
Water
Energy
•
Trans •
Land
•
move us towards sustainability
provide an adequate return on investment
achieve multiple goals (economic, health…)
are flexible
Reduce GHG Emissions
Reduce vulnerability / risk
Green Municipal
Initiatives
• Street Lighting (conversion to LEDs)
• Energy Efficiency in Buildings
• Fleet Management and Public Transit
• Active / Public Transportation
• Green Purchasing Power
• Major Retrofits and New Buildings
(housing, commercial, industrial)
• Renewable Energy (I.e. Wind Power)
• Watershed Management and Infrastructure
• Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Management
• Local Food Production / Green Bag Programs
• Green Information Center / Website
Green Municipal Initiatives
Sustainable Urban Planning
• Adopt Sustainability in Municipal Plan / Prov. Policy
• Encourage Neighborhood Participatory Planning
• Think Ahead - Limit Urban Sprawl / decrease
congestion on municipal roads and offer alternative
transportation choices (provincial planning policy)
• Create Smart urban environments – plan for mixed
housing, access to municipal services, access to
commercial sectors and inter-urban transportation.
• Remove Barriers / Provide Incentives to Green
Building and Housing Development / Local Jobs
Sustainable Communities circa 2050
• Stringent land use policy to encourage densification, including constraints on the
geographic footprint of cities, specification of densification corridors with fast and
reliable transit, and reform of the property tax system to reflect marginal
infrastructure building and maintenance costs, has the capacity to reduce urban
emissions by approximately 40 –50%.
• The given emissions reduction estimates include some but not all the potential
energy cascading benefits made possible by densification, including district heating,
combined heat and power, waste recovery systems and other local alternative energy
sources.
• Integrated Community Energy Systems: Capitalizing on the cross-cutting
opportunities available at the community level by integrating physical components
of:
• Low carbon environment.
– energy supply and distribution;
• Reduction of other
– transportation;
environmental impacts (air,
– housing and buildings;
water, waste).
– industry;
• More affordable energy.
– water, waste management and other • More resilient & adaptable
local community services;
energy systems delivering safe,
– and land use and community form.
reliable energy services.
Fuel Switching
GHG Emissions from average home (heat & hot water):
• Natural gas
• Heating oil
• Electricity
5.8 tonnes
8.3 tonnes (2.5 t more than natural gas)
21.4 tonnes (15.6 t more than natural gas)
Other Options: - central heat + fuel agnostic
• LEED or BOMA
• Heat Recovery (trap steam) – District Heating
• Ground-Source Heat Pumps
• Passive Solar Design / Technology
• EPA certified Pellet Stoves
• Biomass Conversion
• Micro-Hydro power
Renewable Energy & Efficiency
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Energy Efficiency NB programs
Residential, Commercial, industrial
Water Conservation
Heat Capture / District Examples
Small and Large scale wind
Load Control (thermal storage)
Biomass, Tidal, Solar power
Building & equipment stds.
Fuel Switching Strategies
http://www.nbhub.org/fleet/index.html
Green Fleet Management
• Goal: Help Municipal Fleet Operators to reduce fuel consumption,
reduce GHGs and Smog, and Save Money (25 participants)
• Municipal Fleets
• School Buses –
provincial anti-idling bylaw
• Provincial Fleets
• Transport Trucks
• Public Transportation
http://www.nbhub.org/fleet/resources.htm
Green Fleet Management
Goal: Help Municipal Fleet Operators to reduce fuel consumption,
reduce GHGs and Smog, and Save Money
Target: 10% reduction from baseline = $100K+ savings (provincially)
1. Collect Data / Implement
Data Collection
Strategy
Fleet Inventories
/ Tracking
Fuel
2. Calculate Baseline Emissions
Anti-Idling Policy
Heaters
3. Analyse Fleet Age, Repair, Cab
Fuel Consumption,
against national
Tire Inflation Standards
averages.
Driver
Training
4. Provide municipalities with
guidance
in developing green fleet
Route Optimization
initiatives
Lifecycle Cost Analysis
5. Provide training toVehicle
municipal
staff and support
an information network
Replacement
Strategy
for best practices, Alternative
tendering, and
planning.
Fuels
(e.g. Bio-Diesel)
And now from a builders / developer
perspective
Value? High Efficiency? Getting to Net Zero? or Positive
Energy? Depends on building use and local synergies
Mobilizing community builders to create integrated energy solutions
that are central to sustainable communities
Plenary 2 – Planning & Building
• Your community or neighborhood
• Who are the participants
• What are the barriers
• What are the opportunities
• Prioritize Actions
Planning a Resilient Community is Planning
a Resilient Economy
Funding Opportunities
• Energy Efficiency Agency (Commercial Grants,
Community Energy Efficiency Program)
• Federal Efficiency Grants / Eco-Trust
• Federation of Canadian Municipalities
• Environmental Trust Fund (NB)
• Municipal Budget / Intra-Municipal Cooperative
reinvest savings from green initiatives / match funding
• Other funding models : public-private-academic
• Working with utilities (share the pole)
• Pension Funds (SIPPs), Property Taxes
FCM Green Municipal Fund
• GMF invests to help Canadian municipal
governments fight climate change and
improve air, water and soil quality
• Provides grants and low interest loans for
feasibility studies, field tests and new
sustainable infrastructure
• Eligible Applicants
– All municipal governments in Canada
– Public and private sector partners of municipal
governments
Green Municipal Fund –
Funding Categories
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Energy and energy services
Water
Solid waste management
Sustainable transportation services and
technologies
• Sustainable community planning and integrated
projects (e.g. PCP Milestones 2,3,4)
• Brownfields Redevelopment
Green Municipal Fund –
Application Process
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Statement of Intent
Full Application (GHG Inventory + LAP)
Peer Review
Timeline varies
Approval by GMF Council (approval ~ 6 months)
Approval by FCM Board
Contract Finalization
Funding Announcement
Disbursements
(Repayment)
Results Reporting
Lead by Example
1. Turn down the Heat!
2. Turn off lights / equipment when not in use
3. Energy Efficiency Retrofits (older homes)
4. Switch from Electric Baseboard Heat to Natural Gas, Passive
Solar, High-Efficiency Furnace, Pellets, or combination, etc.
5. Net-Metering (wind, solar, biomass power)
6. Consume Local Produce / Grow Your Own
7. Live closer to Work, School, Community
8. Active / public transportation use
9. Buy fuel-efficient / hybrid vehicles
10. Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
THANK YOU
Eddie Oldfield, Director
Tel: (506) 455-8961 Ext. 113
Email: [email protected]
Additional Slide credits available upon request
www.nbhub.org