Transcript Ms Helena Princova (Slovakia)

UNFCCC WORKSHOP
on the
PREPARATION OF NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
FROM ANNEX I PARTIES
The Third National Communication
on Climate Change, Slovak Republic
Helena Princová
28 February- 2 March,2001
Bonn, Germany
The Ministry of the Environment
of the Slovak Republic
PROFING,s.r.o.
SHMÚ,š.p.
Topics
• Background information
• Institutional aspects of preparation the Slovak NC3
• Links and differences between the Slovak NC2 and NC3
• Policies and Measures in the Slovak NC3
• Conclusion and recommendations
Background information
Background information
General frame of country development
Political priorities:
• Clearly declared effort to integrate country in the EU - harmonization of
legislation with the EU one
• Slovakia became a member party of the OECD - September, 2000
• On-going effort to join the NATO
Economy profile:
• Undergoing process of transition from central planned economy to a market
one
• Steadily increasing contribution of the private sector to GDP - by more than
80% in 1997
• Structural changes in GDP - increasing share of services (46% in
1998),decrease in industry and agriculture contributions
Background information
General frame of country development
Energy sector:
• Area of reversal tendencies between the highest priority - to supply energy
safety and reliably - and existing limitations - given structure of TPES,
structure of electricity generation, environmental requirements and political
priorities
• The highest contributor to the energy related CO2 in Slovakia
• Restructuring and privatization
• Establishment of independent regulatory body
• Adjustment of distorted energy prices - removing of all types of subsidies
• New adopted legislation in energy sector - takes into account main principles of
international documents: Energy Charter Treaty, Protocol of Energy Charter,
Nuclear Safety Treaty and UNFCCC
Background information
New Energy Policy of Slovak Republic
Main decisions related to GHG mitigation:
• Resolution of Slovak Government No. 801/1999 to shut down the oldest two
units of NPP V1 Bohunice in 2006 and 2008
• Resolution of Slovak Government No. 559/2000 to stipulate preferred
purchasing of electricity generated from locally extracted PES (lignite) until
2010 in the extent common in EU
• Improvement of energy efficiency and increase in renewable energy sources
utilisation
• Energy saving activities
• More details: Energy Policy of SR, www.economy.gov.sk
Background information
Aggregated GHG emissions in 1990-1999
SF6
PFCs
HFCs
N2O
CH4
CO2 bez
LUCF
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
The Third National Communication on Climate Change, SR, 2000
MoE SR
Background information
Aggregated GHG emissions by sectors in 1990-1999
80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
1999
 Agriculture
1998
1997
1996
 Forest ecosystems
1995
1994
1993
Without LUCF
1992
 Waste treatment
1991
-10 000
1990
0
 Industry
 Energy
GWP100 according to Climate Change 1995
The Third National Communication on Climate Change, SR, 2000
MoE SR
Institutional aspects of preparation
the Slovak NC3
Institutional and organisational aspects
Institutional arrangement
Main institutions involved in the preparation of NC3:
• Ministry of Environment; Economy; Transport,Post and Telecommunications;
Agriculture; Building and Regional Development
• Profing,s.r.o.; Slovak Hydrometeorological Inst.; Research Inst. of Transport,
Research Inst. of Wood; Agricultural University; Slovak Technical University
Co-ordination body for the preparation of NC3:
• Profing,s.r.o
• Selected organisational structure was flexible, less bureaucratic, working
mostly on the contract basis - this enabled saving of total expenditures for
preparing the technical draft of NC3
Institutional and organisational aspects
Data collection
General questionnaire on P&M by sectors and GHGs :
• Review of principle strategy and policy documents related to the climate
change
• Assessment of decisive P&M from NC2, quantification of their impacts if
available (directly - D GHG , indirectly - D Energy, D Heat, D Fuel, etc..)
• Comprehensive review of new P&M related to GHG reduction, qualification
according to Revis. IPCC Guid. 1999/7 (type of P&M, status of implementation
-I,A,P)
Technical questionnaire on P&M by sectors and GHGs (for energy-
related CO2 emissions):
• P&M on the energy generation and supply side
• P&M on the energy demand side
Institutional and organisational aspects
Technical P&M on the supply side
• Increase in energy efficiency
• Fuel switching (fuels with lower carbon content for energy unit)
• Use of renewable energy sources
• Combined cycles
• Alternative fuels in transport
• Gas fuels in transport
• Increase in efficiency of technological heating
• Others
Institutional and organisational aspects
Technical P&M on the demand side
• Decrease in heat consumption for technological use
• Decrease in electricity consumption for technological use
• Decrease in energy intensity of technological processes
• Enhancing the energy efficiency in the residential sector (heat insulation, saving
potential in district heat supplying, improvement of thermal characteristics of
buildings, etc...)
• Decrease in electricity consumption in the residential sectors (electricity saving
appliances, etc..)
• P&M in the transportation
• Others
Links and differences between the
Slovak NC2 and NC3
Links and differences between NC2 and NC3
Slovak NC2 and NC3 - links and differences
Links :
• The same core of expert’s body for both NC2 and NC3 - except the part of new
gases and agriculture
• Using the up-dated version of the same software package for modelling
(emission projections and impact of measures) - except the part of new gases
Differences:
• Using of Revised IPCC Guidelines 1999/7 for NC3 (structure of GHG /sectors
has been changed into sector/ GHGs)
• Firstly involved more detailed part of new gases inventory and projections
• Lack of other final NC3 reports to review and to compare
• The most decisive findings and results from the document Action Plan on
Meeting the Kyoto Reduction Commitments, SR,2000 have been adopted in NC3
Policies and Measures
Policies and Measures
Structure of P&M section in the Slovak NC3
• Strategic documents and projects related to GHG mitigation
• Review of P&M on GHG mitigation- by sectors, subdivided by
GHG
• Other available mechanisms and tools to reduce GHG emissions
• Summary of measures and findings from the Action Plan on
Meeting the Kyoto Reduction Commitments, SR,2000
Policies and Measures
Strategic documents related to climate change
Documents:
• Strategy,Principles and Priorities of the Environmental Policy www.lifeenv.gov.sk
• National Environmental Action Program II of the SR,1990 - among the priorities
are issues of air pollution- namely GHGs, global environmental safety and waste
treatment
• Strategy of SR Related to the Global Climate Change - under preparation, main
goals in short, middle and long-term horizont
• Energy Policy of the Slovak Republic, 2000 www.economy.gov.sk
• Concept on GHG Mitigation in the Sector of Building and Regional Development
until 2005
• Waste Management Program in the SR
• Proposal of Long-term Adaptation Measures Related to the Negative Climate
Change Impacts -for Agriculture, Water Treatment and Forestry
Policies and Measures
Strategic projects related to climate change
Projects:
• Slovak National Climate Program
• National Program on GHG Emission Inventories - Annual report on the air
pollution and emission sources available in Slovak version -www.shmu.sk
• Study on Slovak Strategy for GHG Reduction,1998 - Project of National Strategy
Studies supported by the MOE, World Bank and Swiss Government; wwwesd.worldbank.org/cc/
• Slovak National Program on GHG Mitigation in the Transport Sector,1994
Policies and Measures
Review of P&M on GHG mitigation -structure
Cross -sector measures
Sectors
• GHG affected
• Report on status and effects of P&M from Slovak NC2
• Report on planned, adopted and/or implemented new P&M
• Table: Summary of P&M by sector for GHGs affected
Policies and Measures
Review of P&M on GHG mitigation - structure (con’ t)
Sectors considered in the Slovak NC3:
• Energy
• Transport
• Industry
• Residential, commercial and institutions
• Agriculture
• Land use change and forestry
• Waste management
Policies and Measures
Review of P&M on GHG mitigation- structure (con’ t)
GHGs considered in the Slovak NC3:
• CO2
• CH4
• N2O
• HFCs, PFCs, SF6 - New gases
• NVOC,NOx,CO, SO2 - Other gases
Policies and Measures
Review of GHG mitigation potential for decisive P&M
from NC2
Directly - expressed in terms of D GHG
• proposed CO2 mitigation potential in cement industry for decrease in fuel
consumption by implementing new cylindrical kiln has been estimated at 42
thous. tons yearly
• proposed final CO2 mitigation potential in cement industry at combustion of
used tires was 8.1 thos. Ton
• Indirectly - expressed in terms of D Heat, D Electricity or D Fuel
• for the past governmental activity Project of supporting the economic activities
resulting in saving of energy and imported raw materials (1992-1995) average
annual savings of heat were estimated at 2 300 TJ, electricity at more than 56
thous. MWh and saving of fuels at about 66 TJ
Policies and Measures
Review of actual P&M on GHG mitigation
• Briefly compiled description of principal P&M by sectors,
subdivided by GHGs
• Characteristics of decisive measures together with quantitative
estimation of their impacts for sample years, starting in 2000
(instead of proposed 1995, due to time schedule of
implementation) by sectors for GHGs
Policies and Measures
Characteristics and GHG mitigation potential of P&M in energy sector
Name of policy or
measure
Act No.309/91 on
the
Protection of the
Air
Objective and/or
activity affected
Decrease in
GHG
affected
CO2
Type of
instrument
emissions of
CH4
Regulatory
base pollutants
N2 O
& economic
CO2
Regulatory
Status
I
Impact of
measure
DGHG
[Gg/year]
2000
2005
2010
2015
258
1 365
1 372
1 342
MOE SR
4
88
92
72
MOE offices
1
10
13
11
MOEC SR
0
972
814
911
0
78
803
634
159
1138
1857
2334
0
0
0
132
1
6
269
2
19
405
3
34
Implementing
entity/entities
Increase in
Implementation
of combined
cycles
Heating
insulation
of buildings
Utilisation
of renewable
energy sources
Shifting of
services to the
public transport
energy
efficiency
Decrease in
final energy
consumption
Decrease in
fossil fuel
& technical
SEA
CO2
Regulatory
& technical
I
MOB&RD SR
CO2
Regulatory
I
MOEC SR
consumption
Decrease in
hydrocarbon fuel
consumption
Environm.protect.
I
& technical
CO2
CH4
N2 O
Regulatory
& technical
SEA
A
MOT,P&T SR
Comments-Emissions from fossil fuel combustion in transport have been involved
-Positive values of D GHG represent decrease in emissions after P&M implementation
-Emissions of CH4 and N2O in table were aggregated using GWP 100
Impact of mitigation measures on the projections of energy related CO2 emissions
EL
44000
CC
42000
DSO
[Gg CO 2]
40000
RNS
38000
36000
34000
Level of CO2 emission at abatement measures implementation
TM
32000
30000
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
EL - impact of adopted legislation-emission standards and charges for air pollution
CC - implementation of combined cycles in the energy sector (co-generation sources)
RNS - aggregated effect of renewable energy sources utilization
DSO- impact of the demand side GHG mitigation measures
TM- GHG mitigation measures in transportation
Policies and Measures
GHG mitigation potential of P&M in agriculture
Measure
- Reduction of livestock number
Goal and/or activity - Increase in intensity of breeding
- Harmonization with EU legislation
CH4 (GWP100)
- positive mitigation potential of 22 Gg/year in 2010
N2O (GWP100)
- negative mitigation potential of - 546 Gg/year in 2010
Comment
- reversal impact of measures from EU directions: decrease in CH4
production, increase in N2O
Measure
- Production of bio-gas from manure
Goal and/or activity - Utilization of renewable energy sources, GHG reduction
CH4,N2O (GWP100) - positive mitig. potential of 32, resp. 398 Gg/year in 2010
Policies and Measures
Other mechanisms and tools to reduce GHG emissions
Financing of environmental projects:
• Kyoto flexible mechanisms:
• Joint Implementation( 4 AIJ pilot projects)
• Allowance Trading
• Global Environmental Facilities(GEF) - 1 project
• EU financial mechanisms (ISPA, PHARE, SAPARD)
Policies and Measures
Summary of Action plan on GHG reduction in SR
• Detail analyses of the most decisive measures in view of their GHG
mitigation potential, investment costs and assumed time schedule
for implementation
• Analyses have been focused mainly on the production of energy
related CO2 emissions
• Both, the supply and demand side type of measures have been
evaluated
Policies and Measures
Summary of Action plan on GHG reduction in SR (con’t)
Slovak NC3 provides data for analysed measures in form:
• Name of measure
• Investment costs [1000 USD]
• CO2 abatement costs [SKK/t CO2, USD/t CO2]
• D CO2 [1000t/year] - GHG mitigation potential of measure expressed in terms
of average decrease in energy related CO2 emissions during the Kyoto commitment
period
• Time -frame for implementation
Total estimated CO2 mitigation potential of measures from AP represents
average annual decrease in emissions by 9% related to the without measure
projection scenario (extrapolation of current stage in view of the energy source
structure and fuel consumption)
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions and recommendations
Critical points of modelling and P&M impact assessment
• Lack of historical data in EIT countries to define simple
correlation between macroeconomic indicators and final energy
demand - permanent up-dating of previous input data is necessary
• Small share and uncertain future development of efficient
structural changes in industry in EIT
• Contradictory effect of simultaneously implemented measures- for
example measure on the energy demand side (energy saving) can decrease effect
of supply side measure (fuel switching)
Conclusions and recommendations
Critical points of modelling and P&M impact assessment (con’t)
• Ranking of measures at modelling - abatement costs or policy
objectives?
• Special baseline problems - in case of measures implemented in the
industry and/or district heating sector which shall affect electricity
generation in public power plants