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PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Early Scientists’ Contributions: Record notes on pages 2 and 3 Anton van Leeuwenhoek • First compound light microscope Robert Hooke • Coined the term “cell” Matthias Schlieden • All plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann • All animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow • Cells can only arise from pre-existing cells Cell Theory: Record on page 4 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms. 3. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence. Building Blocks of Life from Large to Small: Record on page 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Individual Organs 7. Tissues 8. Cells 9. Molecules 10. Atoms 11. Quarks Cell Functions: Record on pages 8 – 11 in burrito journal CELL WALL: PLANT • Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure • A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell • Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant Analogy: Like a brick wall CELL MEMBRANE • • Analogy: Like a gate Function: Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell Chloroplast • Function: Where photosynthesis takes place • An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll Analogy: I am sweet like a mint gumdrop. • Function: Where the organelles are located. • Analogy: Like cherry Jello. Cytoplasm ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Function: transports materials through the cell • Rough ER is covered with ribosome's that give it a rough appearance Analogy: Like a train. Golgi Bodies • Function: Golgi bodies are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell. • Are stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the cell. Analogy: Like Amazon Lysosome • Function: Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place • Also called cell vesicles • Spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane • They contain digestive enzymes Analogy: Like a garbage disposal Mitochondria • • • Functions: Powerhouse of the cell. Where energy of the cell is released. Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae) Analogy: Like a battery Nucleus: The Manager • Function: Controls many of the functions of the cell • Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus • Contains DNA (in chromosomes) • Surrounded by the nuclear membrane Analogy: Like a boss or CEO Ribosome's • Function: Small structures in the cytoplasm that create proteins. • Ribosome's are either free floating in the cytoplasm of a cell or attached to endoplasmic reticulum in a cell. • Analogy: Like BBQ ribs Vacuole • Function: a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell • Fluid-filled, membranesurrounded cavities inside a cell Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell • Analogy: Like a suitcase Plant Cell Cross Section: Animal Cell Edible Plant and Animal Cells More Edible Cells Material Suggestions • pieces each of round and square bread (cell) • honey (cytoplasm) • Marshmallows (vacuoles) – 1 large white for plant, 5 small yellow for animal • Straight Pretzels (cell wall) • Wrapped Hard Candies (nucleus) • jelly beans (mitochondria) • green Marshmallows (chloroplasts) • Twizzlers (Endoplasmic Reticulum) • Smarties (Golgi Bodies) • Gum Drops (Lysosomes) • jar of Sprinkles (Ribosomes) • aluminum foil (cell membrane)