Transcript Cell Specialization

Hierarchy of organization
Cells →Tissues → Organs
→ Organ
Systems → Organism
What is cell specialization?
• A less specialized cell (stem cell) becomes a
specific cell.
• Ex: nerve cell
What are the difference in stem cells?
Embryonic Stem Cells
• These are the stem cells
found in the embryo just
after fertilization occurs.
• These stem cells undergo
changes to become all the
various cells in your body.
Adult Stem Cells
• An undifferentiated cell,
found among differentiated
cells in a tissue or organ
that can renew itself and
yield some or all of the
major specialized cell types
of the tissue or organ
• Different than embryonic
because it can only be a cell
of that organ or tissue.
Practice
• What kind of cell in the human body might
have a ton of mitochondria in it?
___________________
• What cellular structures might the enzymeproducing cells in the pancreas contain a lot
of? _____________________
*Hint: What is an enzyme?
How is the structure of each cell
related to its function?
Nerve cell
Sperm cell
Muscle cell
Red blood cell
What causes cell differentiation?
• All cells are controlled by ___?___
• For each specific cell a different section of
DNA is turned on allowing it to be specific for
its job.
Reflection
• What if a mutation caused the sperm cell and
the red blood cell to change shapes? How
would this affect the cells ability to do their
job?
• What impact would this have on future cells
they created?
How do cells communicate?
• What process takes place as you burn
yourself?
• Nerve cell sends signals to muscle cells to
move your hand away from the flame!
Sending and receiving signals
• Hormones: Chemical signal released by cell to
send a message
• Receptor proteins: Proteins that receive
chemical messages