Transcript stem cells and cell specialization ppt

Stem cells
• Are unspecialized, jobless cells
• In the lab, under the right conditions, scientists
can manipulate stem cells to be come any cell
type.
• Stem cell have the ability to repair/heal any
damaged, worn, or diseased cell.
• Embryonic stem cells have the ability to
become any cell type
• Adult stem cells (small supply) do not have as
many abilities as embryonic stem cells
History of stem cell harvesting
• Scientists used to collect stem cells from
embryos by killing them
• Embryos are one of the earlier stages of
human development
• The supreme court outlawed killing
embryos in the late 1990s.
• Scientists now collect stem cells from
umbilical cord blood and bone marrow
How stem cells become
specialized
• The stem cells receive cues (instructions) from
the DNA inside of the nucleus
• The nucleus tells stem cells what cell type to
become
• The process by which stem cells become
specialized (get a job) is differentiation
• There are many types of specialized cells. We
will discuss 6
Types of Specialized Cells
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Red blood cells
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Sperm
Ovum
Nerve cell (neurons)
Muscle cells
Muscle Cell
Striated (striped)
Used for movement.
Have lots of
mitochondria. Why??
Red blood cells
Transport oxygen to
the body
White blood cells (For Immun
White blood cells (leukocytes
fight infections and protect
the body from
disease/sickness
Nerve Cell (neurons)-sending
signals
cell-to-cell communcation
Stem Cell-these
unspecialized cells have
the ability to develop in
to any cell type. They can
cure any disease
Eggs/Ovum for (fertilization)
Eggs (ovum)
are the
reproductive
cell in women
Sperm cell-fertilization
Male reproductive
cell in men.