Transcript ITU and Early Warning

ITU Activities on Emergency
Telecommunications
(including disaster
detection, early warning and
relief)
Alexandre VASSILIEV
ITU Radiocommunication Bureau
phone: +41 22 7305924
e-mail: [email protected]
ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change Quito, Ecuador, 8-10 July 2009
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In 2008, 354 natural disasters were recorded
in the EM-DAT database. The death toll was
three times higher than the annual average of
66.813 for 2000-2007, mainly caused by two
major events: Cyclone Nargis which killed
138.366 people in Myanmar and the Sichuan
earthquake in China which caused the deaths
of 87.476 people.
In 2008, China (29), the United States (22) and the Philippines
(20) were most often hit by natural disasters. These three
countries, together with India and Indonesia, have occupied the
top ranking of disaster occurrence during the last three years.
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2
ITU Overview
191 Member States, 700+ Sector Members and Associates
Plenipotentiary Conference
World
World
Telecommunication
Telecommunication
ITU
Standardization Committed to Connecting Development
Conference
Assembly
the World
ITU-T
ITU-D
Telecommunication
standardization of
networks and service
aspects
ITU-R
Assisting implementation
and operation of
telecommunications in
developing countries
Radiocommunication standardization and global
radio spectrum management
Radiocommunication Assembly &
World
Radiocommunication Conference
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Role of ITU in TDR/ETS/EWS
In 5 words, Committed to connecting the world:
 even more so in distress situations!
Long-time work on telecom for emergency situations
 Morse code …(it was a long time ago…)
 radio was used for the first time for saving the lives of sailors aboard the
battleship General-Admiral Apraksin at the end of 19th century
 GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)
Three recent examples
 Tampere Convention
 to facilitate exchange of telecom equipment in disaster relief operations
 WRC-07: allocated additional spectrum for radiocommunication systems
involved in disaster prediction/detection and emergency communications
 Standardization work on call priority & alert message delivery
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ITU Role in Emergency Telecommunications
Legal basis for Emergency Telecommunications
• removing barriers to the deployment of telecommunication
equipment;
• providing access to radio spectrum;
• providing necessary conditions for operation of radio and
telecommunication systems;
Technical basis
• developing ITU technical standards for telecommunication
networks, systems and equipment (radio and wired) used ;
• developing guidelines for the use of specific systems/equipment
for disaster prediction, detection, and disaster relief;
Organizational basis and operations
• developing awareness about the use of telecommunications/ICTs
in emergency situation;
• assisting Member States as regards emergency
telecommunications needs;
• developing guidelines for emergency telecommunication.
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ITU’s Role in Disaster Reduction (1)
Prediction and detection - using radio-based remote
sensing systems/applications
Mitigation
 Damage assessment for planning relief operations
 Spectrum management
 Establishment of globally/regionally harmonized
frequency bands
 Application of terrestrial and space (satellite)
radiocommunication services
 Global circulation of emergency equipment
 Support to emergency broadcasting, maritime and
public safety signals
• All types of networks
ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change Quito, Ecuador, 8-10 July 2009
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ITU’s Role in Disaster Reduction (2)
Preparedness
 Radio spectrum to be used for relief
operations
 Standards for public telecommunication
services
• International emergency for preference
scheme for disaster relief
• Message broadcast
 Global network security
 Interoperability of telecom networks
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ITU’s Role in Disaster Reduction (3)
Response
 Appropriate project management
techniques
 Legal and regulatory issues (Tampere
Convention + Constitution, Radio
Regulations)
 Universal access (early warning)
 Capacity building (preparedness)
 Relief (response)
 Reconstruction
 Partnerships (e.g., INMARSAT, WMO,
WGET, OCHA, IARU)
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Scenarios for Emergency Communications
Four communication scenarios:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Citizen to citizen
Authority to authority
Authority to citizen
Citizen to authority
ITU has worked in scenarios 1, 2 and 3. More
work could be done
Could work on scenario 4 (more relevant to
day-to-day emergency situations: fire,
police, call for medical assistance, etc)
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How the work progresses?
ITU’s work is contribution-driven:
contributions  progress
Governments, users (including
intergovernmental agencies and NGOs),
manufacturers need to bring in proposals
to enhance the features of existing
systems
Trend for initial focus to be on improving
what already exists, in order to be
implementable in a short time-frame
How the work progresses?
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Decisions of ITU Forums
(Conferences and Assemblies)
Governing ITU Activities Related to
Emergency Telecommunications
National laws and regulations can sometimes
hamper – or, even prohibit – the transport and use
of telecommunication equipment at disaster scenes.
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ITU Treaty Status Decisions
Plenipotentiary Conference 2006
Resolution 36 (Rev.Antalia, 2006)
“Telecommunications/information and
communication technology in the service of
humanitarian assistance”
Resolution 136 (Antalia,2006) “Use of
telecommunications/ICTs for monitoring and
management in emergency & disaster situations
for early warning, prevention,
mitigation and relief ”
ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change Quito, Ecuador, 8-10 July 2009
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ITU Treaty Status Decisions – ITU-R
World Radiocommunication Conferences
Resolution 646 (WRC-03) “Public protection and disaster
relief”
WRC-07 decisions:
Extension of spectrum and adoption of protection criteria for
the services involved in disaster management and
emergency situations.
Several new Resolutions requesting studies related to the
further development of these services.
Modification of parts of the Radio Regulation related to the
global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS).
New Resolution 647 “Spectrum management guidelines for
emergency and disaster relief radiocommunication”.
New Resolution 673 “Radiocommunications use for Earth
observation applications”
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Radiocommunication Assembly 2007
RA-07 adopted 2 new ITU-R Resolutions:
• Res. ITU-R 53 “The use of radiocommunications
in disaster response and relief” (see at:
http://www.itu.int/publ/R-RES-R.53/en)
• Res. ITU-R 55 “ITU studies of disaster prediction,
detection, mitigation and relief” (see at:
http://www.itu.int/publ/R-RES-R.55/en)
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ITU Documents Providing Legal Basis for ET –
International Treaties
Constitution and Convention and
Resolutions (e.g. Res. 36, 98, 136)
adopted by the Plenipotentiary
Conference;
Radio Regulations (e.g. Chapter 7
“Distress and safety communications”
and Resolutions of World
Radiocommunication Conferences
(e.g. Res. 644, 646, 647, etc.);
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Developing the Technical Basis for
Emergency Telecommunications
(Recommendations, Reports,
Handbooks, Guidelines)
The ITU global standards (ITU term
Recommendations) play a vital role in
ensuring an effective emergency
response in times of crisis.
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Some ITU Recommendations on ET (1)
• Rec. ITU-T X.1303 “Common alerting protocol
(CAP 1.1)” – a global standard for simple structured
exchange of alerting messages (also accepted by WMO);
• Rec. ITU-T H.248.44 “Gateway control protocol: Multilevel precedence and pre-emption package”;
• Rec. ITU-T H.460.4 “Call priority designation and
country/international network of call origination
identification for H.323 priority calls”;
• Extension of support for Rec. ITU-T E.106 IEPS in various
signalling protocols (BICC, SS7, etc);
• Rec. ITU-R BO./BT.1774-1 “Use of satellite and terrestrial
broadcast infrastructures for public warning, disaster
mitigation and relief”;
• Rec. ITU-R M.1042-3 “Disaster communications in the
amateur and amateur-satellite services”;
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Some ITU Recommendations on ET (2)
• Rec. ITU-R M.1042-3 “Disaster communications in the
amateur and amateur-satellite services”;
• Rec. ITU-R M.1826 “Harmonized frequency channel
plan for broadband public protection and disaster relief
operations at 4 940-4 990 MHz in Regions 2 and 3”;
• Rec. ITU-R RS.1803, RS.1804 related to development
and use of Earth exploration-satellite systems employed
for environment including disaster monitoring.
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Some ITU Reports/Handbooks
• Handbook on Emergency Telecommunications (ITU-D) plus
special supplements “Emergency and Disaster relief” (ITU-R)
• Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime MobileSatellite Services (ITU-R).
• Report ITU-R M.2033 “Radiocommunication objectives and
requirements for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)”
• ITU Handbook on Best Practice on Emergency
Telecommunications (based on studies in 12 countries) (ITU-D).
• Compendium of ITU’s Work in Emergency Telecommunications
(covers work of all ITU Sectors ITU-D, ITU-R, ITU-T).
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Organizational Basis and
Operations
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Meetings on Emergency Telecommunications
ITU regularly organizes forums/seminar/workshops related to
emergency telecommunications. It is being done by ITU-D in
cooperation with other Sectors and host region/country. Few
samples of events held in 2009:
• “Using ICT for Effective Disaster Management Pacific forum”,
Apia, Samoa (7-9 July, 2009) ;
• Workshop on Use of Telecommunications/ ICTs for Disaster
Management: Saving lives, Harare, Zimbabwe (17 - 18 June,
2009)
• Joint ITU – Greece (Ministry of transport and communications)
Workshop on Emergency Telecommunications, Greece (8 April
2009);
• Workshop on Use of Information and Communication
Technologies in Disaster Management, Dakar, Senegal (10 - 12
March, 2009) ;
• ITU Workshop “Emergency Telecommunications for Disaster
Management in Maldives: Developing a National Emergency
Telecommunications and Ratification of Tampere Convention”.
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Global Forum on Effective Use of
Telecommunications/ICT for Disaster Management (1)
In December 2007 ITU organized this Forum attended by
representatives from174 governments, 18 international
organizations, 27 private sector entities, and 53 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
Global Forum:
• adopted ITU Framework for Cooperation in Emergencies
(IFCE);
• established High Level Panel and ITU Network of
Volunteers for ET (VET);
• adopted Forum Declaration on ICT role in reduction of
natural disasters effects, etc.
See details at:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/emergencytelecoms/events/global_forum/index.html
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Other ITU Meetings Relevant to Emergency
Telecommunications
Three ITU symposia “ICT and Climate Change”
organized by ITU-T (in cooperation with other ITU
Sectors):
15-16 April 2008, in Kyoto, Japan
17-18 June 2008, in London, United Kingdom
8-10 July 2009, in Quito, Ecuador.
There were discussions concerning the use of
telecommunications/ICTs for mitigating of negative
effects of disasters initiated by climate change.
See details at:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/index.html
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Practical Assistance
• Using Partnership Agreements with ICO, Inmarsat,
Teledeisic, Thuraya, etc., ITU-D (BDT) delivered satellite
terminals (providing basic telecommunications and
telemedicine applications via satellites) to Bangladesh,
Uganda, Peru, etc. for disaster relief operations.
• BR is currently creating a special database of frequencies
which could be used in a country for emergency
radiocommunications (see at: http://www.itu.int/ITUR/index.asp?category=information&rlink=res647&lang=en)
• ITU (BDT) provided consultants to undertake the study and
prepare projects (including designing National Emergency
Telecommunications Plans and formulating Standard Operating
Procedures) related to emergency telecommunications to
many
developing countries.
• ...
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Partnering for Humanitarian Work
UN Agencies/UNWGET
(UN Working Group
on Emergency
Telecommunications)
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Conclusion
• ITU has historically played an important role in
telecommunications/ICTs for disaster prediction,
detection, relief and emergency telecommunications;
• In cooperation with the Member States and the key
players in industry ITU is very active in defining technical
standards applicable for ET;
• ITU also provides support on demand to the ITU Member
States in emergency situations;
• The ITU Deputy Secretary-General Mr. H. Zhao,
the Chairman of the Intersectoral Emergency
Communications Team (IECT), coordinates all ITU
activities related to emergency telecommunications.
See also the main ITU Web on emergency telecommunications at:
http://www.itu.int/emergencytelecoms/index.html
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