Transcript UNEP/UNDP experiences

UNFCCC workshop on best
practices with conducting TNAs
UNEP/UNDP experiences
George Manful, UNEP
Martin Krause, UNDP
GEF funding for TNAs

Framework of Enabling activities phase II:
–GEF funded 94 countries to conduct TNAs
• 80 supported by UNDP
• 14 by the UNEP
 Framework of the SNCs:
–GEF is currently funding 10 additional countries
to conduct TNAs
Tool and methods for TNAs
 IPCC Special Report on Methodological and Technical
Issues in Technology Transfer (IPCC 2000)
UNDP handbook entitled Conducting technology needs
assessments for climate change (UNDP 2004), produced in
collaboration with the CTI, the EGTT and the UNFCCC
secretariat
3 regional workshops
TNA Process: Key activities
Activity 2: Identify technology
criteria for assessment
Activity 3: Prioritize sectors
and select key
technology(ies)
Activity 4: Identify barriers
(*)
and policy needs
Activity 5: Define and select
options
Activity 6: Prepare a
synthesis report
Implementation
actions
* note that Activity 4 (identifying barrier) is also a
cross-cutting issue
Cross-cutting issues
(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)
Activity 1: Prepare initial
review of options & resources
Approaches for TNA
• Most countries began with a preliminary list of sectors
and technology options
• Baseline information at the sectoral or national level was
taken into account in TNAs
• Socio-economic plans, development goals and GHG
emissions reduction potential were also considered
• Options were assessed and ranked using a matrix
approach on a set of pre-determined criteria
• Stakeholders were involved in the TNA in most cases
Dialogue tools
• Extensive multi-stakeholder dialogue
– Expensive and time consuming but
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A country-driven & bottom-up process
Promotes private sector participation
Enhance local capacity
Brings different stakeholders together & includes
their views
• Allows for balancing of opinions and setting of
priorities
Prioritization criteria
• Commonly used prioritization criteria include:
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Development benefits
Market potential
Environmental protection
Climate protection
• Other criteria used include:
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Contribution to achievement of MDGs
Social acceptability and suitability
Institutional and organisational capacity
Policy criteria and potential of government support
Cost/benefit and risk/benefit analysis
TNA for mitigation and
adaptation
• TNA for mitigation easily comprehensible:
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clear objective
target specific
known GHG sources
substantive experience in the field
wide range of technologies available
continuous research and innovation
• TNA for adaptation more complex and challenging:
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inherent uncertainty of impacts and vulnerability
site specific and limited examples
long-term effects
broader stakeholders (usually at community level)
technology implications not always evident, complex
investment decisions
TNA implementation plan
• Assessing financial and technical resources
required
• Monitoring plan to assess progress and make
adjustments
• Building on synergies with existing initiatives
• Identifying ways to reduce TT barriers at
different stages
Process Results
• Support to national efforts to integrate national CC
priorities into sustainable development plans and
programmes
• Contribution to the formulation of a comprehensive
strategy for technology transfer
• Platform for the formulation of specific technology
transfer projects
• Enhanced consultation and coordination among key
stakeholders to support implementation of TT
initiatives
• Strengthen Institutional capacities as well as
cooperation between countries
TT Barriers
• Inadequate/insufficient human & institutional & financial
resources for technology review/selection/investments
• Inefficient networking
• Inadequate systems & tools for research + data access &
manipulation
• Complexity of some of the technologies
• Lack of a database on new/clean technologies
• Lack of instrumentation and monitoring/auditing systems and
practices
• Lack of context, e.g. potential to use technology and access to
resources
Some gaps in TNA reports
• Selection of sectors were not always clearly justified
• Not all countries provided the basis for the choice of
technologies
• Methodology of assessment was not always described
• Although most countries involved stakeholders, their roles
and specific contributions not explained
• Not all countries identified barriers and capacity building
needs
• Follow-up activities usually not mentioned
Case-Study of a TNA:
Nigeria
Activity 1 - Preparation of Preliminary Overview of
Sectors
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Review of GHG Inventories to identify the major sources and data
gaps in the emission inventories;
Identify interrelationships between emission sectors and
technology options
Review development plans and policies in the identified sectors
for a better understanding of expected future growth.
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Mitigation:
Adaptation:
Specific sector vulnerabilities
Cross-cutting issues and socio-economic implications
Overall adaptive capacity of vulnerable sectors
Case-Study of a TNA :
Nigeria
Activity 2 - Identification of Technology Criteria for
Assessment: Three basic criteria for selecting technologies:
(a) contribution to development goals,
(b) contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and
(c) market potential, to establish the criteria for identifying appropriate technologies
– Mitigation:
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Preparation of criteria for selecting sectoral and technology options
Review of technology options that are applicable to GHG mitigation in the key sectors
– Adaptation:
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Potential benefits to development priorities, such as food security, water availability,
health care improvements, and protection from natural and human induced disasters,
among others
Case-Study of a TNA :
Nigeria
Activity 3 - Prioritization of sectors and Selection of Key
Technologies:
(i) sectors with potential for benefiting from technology development and transfer
(ii) access and availability of the technology options
(iii) policies which would support the adoption of technologies and processes identified
– Mitigation:
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Compilation of prioritized mitigation technology list, including information on the
technologies, selection criteria, and analytical tools used
– Adaptation:
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Prioritization of vulnerable sectors, involving extensive stakeholder consultations and
review of development plans to establish linkages with national priorities.
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Identification of sectoral characteristics, including geographical locations, strength
and weakness of institutions, competing interests/uses, and opportunities for synergy.
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Compilation of response list to address key identified vulnerabilities, including
analysis of how response measures are technology dependent.
Case-Study of a TNA:
Nigeria
Activity 4 - Identification of Barriers and Policy Needs:
• Mitigation: Identification of barriers and policy needs
centers around the assessment of capacity required for
applying the prioritized technologies, as well as
improving the understanding of institutional and
constraints.
• Adaptation: For Adaptation, this centres around
conducting an environmental technologies impacts
assessment specifically for adaptation because of the
scale of applications, and the need to avoid or minimize
the risk of implementing mal-adaptation options
Case-Study of a TNA:
Nigeria
Activity 5 - Definition and Selection of Options:
technology options based on additional criteria, such as”
• (i) win-win options that deliver both climate and other
development objectives at low or even negative costs,
addressing urgent priorities
• (ii) promising long-term technology options which are not
necessarily win-win options, but which in the long-run
offer very significant promise in addressing climate
change and the attainment of national sustainable
development objectives.
Case-Study of a TNA:
Nigeria
Activity 6 - Preparation of Synthesis Report: The
synthesis report provides the framework for coherent articulation of
all identified TNA needs which shall form the basis on which
decisions are to be taken. This report is the beginning of an ongoing process that would be integrated into a wider technology
transfer activities to improve the flow of climate response and
environmentally sound/sustainable technologies. It would contain
elements such as:
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Key sectors affected
Types of criteria applied
Ranking and selection of process applied, and
List of technologies that emerged as an output of the process, among
others.
Case-Study of a TNA:
Nigeria
Activity 7 - Identification of Actions and
Opportunities for Implementation: Some of the
key issues required for implementation of TNA
recommendations include:
– Assessment of adequacy of funds and recommendations of financial
mechanisms to support TNA implementation
– Setting up of time frame and milestones to monitor progress
– Identification of ways to improve implementation strategies, especially
by drawing-up of synergies with related programmes
– Identification of institutional and policy framework to reduce barriers
– Stakeholder involvement
– Continuous revision of plans as needed
Lessons Learned I
• For TNA process to be effective it must be demand
driven and sector specific and embedded into the
national development process
• Inadequate enabling environment (i.e. sectoral/national
policies) is an important barrier
• Enhancing national and institutional capacities is crucial
• Effective participation of key stakeholders –
Government, private sector, and civil society – is
imperative
• Cost is one of the paramount barriers in technology
transfer
• Need to address cross-sectoral issues, including linkages
between mitigation and adaptation priorities
Lessons Learned II
• Capacity in the area of science and technology
is low level both in terms of its development and
utilization in most priority sectors.
• Need to strengthen linkages between the science
and technology community and policy makers.